Rates and Equilibrium Flashcards
Activation Energy
Minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place. For a reaction to occur, the particles must have energy equal to or greater than the activation energy.
Rate of Reaction
The speed at which a reaction occurs. Units M/s or Ms-1
Temperature affect on rate of reaction
(↑) Increase in heat energy…
(↑) increases the proportion of particles that have energy equal to or greater than the activation energy…
Which (↑) increases the frequency of successful collisions.
This (↑) increases reaction rate.
Catalyst
A substance which speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy, remaining unchanged by the reaction
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
A graph showing the distribution of energy across a sample of particles
Reversible Reaction
A chemical reaction that can occur in either the forward or reverse direction, given appropriate conditions
Closed System
A system that is completely isolated from its environment. System can have a transfer of energy but no transfer of matter.
Dynamic Equilibrium
A situation in which the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in no observable change over time.
Yield
The amount of product produced
At equilibrium, if more products are present, equilibrium is said to be on the…
Right
At equilibrium, if more reactants are present, equilibrium is said to be on the…
Left
Le Chatelier’s Principle
A system at equilibrium has a tendency to partially oppose a disruption
Collision Theory
There must be correct orientation and sufficient energy to disrupt the bonds in their molecules.
Catalyst affect on Rate of Reaction
(+) Addition of a catalyst…
(↑) increases the proportion of particles that have energy equal to or greater than the activation energy…
Which (↑) increases the frequency of successful collisions.
This (↑) increases reaction rate.
Surface Area Affect on Rate of Reaction
For solids…
the frequency of collisions and hence the frequency of successful collisions…
can be increased (↑) by (↑) increasing the surface area.
This (↑) increases rate of reaction.
Concentration Affect on Rate of Reaction
For solutions…
the frequency of collisions and hence the frequency of successful collisions…
can be increased (↑) by (↑) increasing the concentration.
This (↑) increases rate of reaction.
Pressure affect on Rate of Reaction
For gas systems…
the frequency of collisions and hence the frequency of successful collisions…
can be increased (↑) by (↓) decreasing the volume.
This (↑) increases rate of reaction.
Precise/Precision
When repeated measurements of the same quantity give values that are in close agreement.
Accurate/Accuracy
If the average of a set of measurements of a quantity is very close to the true or accepted value of a quantity, then the measurement is described as accurate.
Reliability
An experiment can be repeated several times with consistent results.
Reproducibility
A measurement isreproducibleif the investigation is repeated by another person, or by using different equipment or techniques, and the same results are obtained.
Validity
Refers to whether the evidence supports the argument
Calculate rate of reaction
Rate=(𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦)/(𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
Haber Process Equation
3H2 (g) + N2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ΔH = -ve
