Rat Anatomy Functions Flashcards
Maturation of sperm, concentrates and stores sperm
epididymus
complex thought, learning, and memory; coordinates multiple responses based on sensory input, including voluntary movement
cerebrum
maintains balance and posture
cerebellum
secretes hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate
thyroid
functions in respiration and control of pH
lung
folds in the peritoneum that connect the intestines to the dorsal abdominal wall
mesentery
artery that sends oxygenated blood to the upper limbs; vein of the same name brings deoxygenated blood away from the upper limbs
subclavian
glands that produce tears
extraorbital-lacrimal
vein that delivers blood from digestive organs to the liver for detoxification
portal
arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the head
carotid
filters out wastes in the blood to be excreted in the urine
kidney
first portion of the small intestine; receives contents from the stomach, pancreas, and gallbladder (heptic duct in rat)
duodenum
pouch found at the beginning of the large intestine that contains bacteria to help ferment cellulose
caecum
produces sperm and secretes male sex hormones
testis
temporarily stores liver-made bile, a lipid emulsifier (rats do not have this)
gallbladder
part of the brain controlling vital life processes; connects the spinal cord
stem
artery that carries oxygenated blood to the kidney; a vein of the same name carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney
renal
secretes digestive enzymes, glucose storage/liberation hormones, and an alkaline solution to neutralize stomach acid
pancreas
immune system organ where T cells develop
thymus
longest part of the small intestine; primary site of food digestion and absorption
jejuno-ileum
a cord serving as the central nervous system’s highway between the brain and the peripheral nervous system; protected by vertebral canal
spinal
calf muscle
gastronemius
produces oocytes and secretes female sex hormones
ovary
lining of the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
vesicles or glands that produce fluid that nourish the sperm; makes most of the ejaculate
seminal
muscular gland that activates sperm; a portion of the male urethra passes through it
prostate
complex, regenerative organ important for glycogen storage, bile production, detoxification, removal of old RBCs and bacteria, plasma protein production, and many other functions
liver
trunk that represents the first arterial branch off of the arch of the aorta; supplies right subclavian and carotid arteries
brachiocephalic
the major inspiratory muscle
diaphragm
maintains the fetus during its development
uterus
tube that carries oocytes post-ovulation to the uterus; site of fertilization
fallopian
closes the jaw during chewing
masseter
provides significant force to pump blood to the lungs (right) or throughout the body (left)
ventricle
glands that produce a fluid containing carbohydrate digestive enzymes; lubricates food in the oral cavity
salivary
houses the vocal cords
larynx
structure that houses testes at a lower temperature, optimal for spermatogenesis
scrotum
stores ingested food, muscularly churns food, and begins protein digestion in an acidic environment
stomach
a duct that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureter
stores feces before defecation
colon
stores lymphocytes and platelets and destroys old red blood cells
spleen
windpipe
trachea
carries food and water to the stomach
esophagus
gland that produces many important hormones, positioned above the kidney
adrenal
veins that carry deoxygenated blood away from the head
jugular
a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body
urethra
stores urine before micturition
bladder
provides weak force to pump deoxygenated blood (right) or oxygenated blood (left) into the ventricles
atria
