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Anatomy > RAT 3 > Flashcards

RAT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

This is when there is a a double arrow in an equation. This means that the equation can go either way. This means that the products can be the reactants too and vice versa.

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2
Q

What indicates that there is a reversible reaction in a chemical equation?

A

a double arrow

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3
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy that is stored, ready to be used to do work

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy in motion or action

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5
Q

What are the three forms of potential energy in the human body?

A

chemical energy, electrical energy, and mechanical energy

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6
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of all molecules and compounds.

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7
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

it is energy generated by the movement of charged particles

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8
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Energy that is transferred from one object to another

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9
Q

What is an endergonic reaction?

A

A reaction in which the products have more energy than the reactants; requires the input of energy to proceed

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10
Q

What is an exergonic reaction?

A

A reaction in which the products have less energy than the reactants; releases energy once completed

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11
Q

What are the three chemical reactions that happen in the human body?

A

Catabolic reaction, exchange reactions , anabolic reactions

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12
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

A reaction in which larger substances are broken down to smaller ones

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13
Q

What is an exchange reaction?

A

A reaction in which one or more atoms or electrons from the reactants are exchanged

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14
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

A reaction in which smaller substances bond to form larger substances

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15
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy that is required for a strong collision between atoms to happen so that a reaction can take place

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16
Q

which reactions require activation energy?

A

all chemical reactions require activation energy

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17
Q

What are factors that can increase the rate of a reaction?

A

Concentration (when increased there are more particles so this causes a stronger collision), Temperature (increasing it also increases kinetic energy), having a catalyst (it lowers activation energy)

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18
Q

What suffix is commonly used when naming enzymes?

A

-ase

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19
Q

Nearly all enzymes are macromolecules called ?

A

proteins

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20
Q

What is the role of an enzyme in the body?

A

they speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy and this is good for the body because some reactions would take longer on there own

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21
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

water absorbs heat without changing significantly in temperature itself,

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22
Q

What are four properties of water that make it a good solvent for living organisms?

A
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22
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

a property of substances with partially or fully charged ends that will dissolve when placed in water

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23
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

it doesn’t like water and it does not have a dipole

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24
Q

What type of molecules tend to be hydrophilic?

A

polar covalent and ionic compounds

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25
Q

What type of molecules tend to be hydrophobic?

A

nonpolar covalent bonds

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26
Q

the study of acids and bases is really the study of …

A

hydrogen

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27
Q

What is an acid?

A

a hydrogen ion doner, has a pH less than 7

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28
Q

What is a base?

A

hydrogen ion acceptor, pH higher than 7

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29
Q

What is the equation for pH?

A

-log (H+)

30
Q

Describe the pH scale

A

it goes from 0-14, up to 6 it is an acid- 8 through 14 is a base

31
Q

An increase from pH 7 to pH 8 means that the hydrogen ion concentration has _________ (increased or decreased) __________ fold.

A
32
Q

What is a buffer?

A
33
Q

What is the effect of a buffer on a solution?

A
34
Q

Define Salt

A
35
Q

Define Electrolyte

A
36
Q

What is a monomer?

A
37
Q

What is a polymer?

A
38
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Carbo- means carbon and -hydrate refers to water. Carbohydrates all have a ratio of 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogens: 1 Oxygen

39
Q

What are the functions of Carbohydrates in the body?

A
40
Q

What is the monomer in a Carbohydrate?

A
41
Q

What is the main monosaccharide in the body?

A
42
Q

What are the two most prevalent disaccharides in the body?

A
43
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A
44
Q

What is formed when a disaccharide undergoes hydrolysis?

A
45
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A
46
Q

What is starch?

A
47
Q

What is glycogen?

A
48
Q

Where is glycogen primarily found in the body?

A
49
Q

What is a glycoprotein?

A
50
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A
51
Q

What is the structure of a fatty acid?

A
52
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A
53
Q

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A
54
Q

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A
55
Q

How does a triglyceride form?

A
56
Q

What is the primary function of a triglyceride?

A
57
Q

How is a phospholipid structured?

A
58
Q

What is an important role of a phospholipid in the body?

A
59
Q

What are steroids?

A
60
Q

What are the functions of proteins in the body

A
61
Q

What is the monomer in protein?

A
62
Q

What are the polymers in protein?

A
63
Q

What do all amino acids have in common?

A
64
Q

How do amino acids differ?

A
65
Q

What is a peptide?

A
66
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A
67
Q

Why is a protein’s structure important?

A
68
Q

What are the four levels of protein structure?

A
69
Q

What happens when a protein loses its shape?

A
70
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A
71
Q

Why is ATP important in the human body?

A
72
Q

Describe the reaction of ATP hydrolysis

A

Anatomy (6 decks)

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