Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Rashes > Flashcards

Rashes Flashcards

1
Q

macules and patches

A 
flat
circumscribed
non-palpable
macule: <1cm
patch: >1cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

papules and nodules

A

raised
palpable circumscribed lesion
papule: <1cm
nodule: >1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

vesicles, bulla and pustules

A

vesicle: clear fluid filled lesion (blister) <0.5cm
bulla: blister with clear fluid >0.5cm
pustule: blister contains pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

erythematous

A

red and blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

purpura

A

red, non blanching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

petechia

A

purpura <2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

wheal

A

an area of oedema in the upper epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

scale

A

flakes or plates that represent compacted desquamated layers of stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

crust

A

the result of drying plasma or exudate on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lichenification

A

refers to a thickening of the epidermis seen with exaggeration of normal skin lines
usually due to chronic rubbing or scratching of an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

excoriation

A

traumatized or abraded skin caused by scratching or rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

annular (ring shaped) lesions

A

tinea corporis
erythema migrans (lyme disease)
granuloma annulare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

multiform lesions

A

erythema multiforme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fluid filled lesions

A

clear fluid - vesiculobullous rash:
varicella zoster, impetigo, scalded skin syndrome, HSV, eczema hepeticum, erythema multiforme, SJS, insect bites, burns

pustular rash:
acne, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

papular rashes

A 
urticaria
molluscum contagiosum
scabies
warts
keratosis pilaris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

eczematous rash

A

red and scaly with epidermal breakage

atopic eczema
other dermatitis

17
Q

papulosquamous rash

A

red and scaly with no epidermal breakage

seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, tinea corporis, pityriasis rosea

18
Q

erythematous rash

A

red, non-scaly and blanching

erythema infectiosum, roseola infantum, other viral exanthems, kawasaki disease, cellulitis

19
Q

purpuric rash

A

red, non-scaly, non-blanching

menningcoccaemia, septicaemia, henoch-schonlein purpura, ITP, NAI, trauma, enterovirus, leukaemia

20
Q

blue and black rash

A

haemangiomas, vascular malformations

21
Q

hypopigmented rash

A

pityriasis versicolour and alba, vitiligo

22
Q

hyperpigmented rash

A

naevi - congenital and acquired

23
Q

measles

A 
incubation 7-14 days
prodrome 4-5d before rash
fever, malaise
Coryza
Cough
Conjunctivitis
koplik spots 1-3d before rash

rash lasts 4-7 days, starts behind ears, forehead and around mouth
dusky red, florid maculopapular rash that spreads over trunk and limbs, lasting 5 days. non itchy

infective till 4d after the rash
transmission: respiratory droplet or direct contact

complications:
ears - OM
lungs - pneumonia
CNS encephalitis

24
Q

scarlet fever

A

strep pyogenes
1-3d incubation
1-2d fever and sore throat, headache, flushed cheeks
punctate erythematous central blanching rash

signs:
circumoral pallor
strawberry tongue
desquamation post rash
pastia lines (pink/red lines of confluent petechiae forming in the skin folds)

infective up to 3 weeks
transmission is resp

complications:
septicaemia, endocarditis, OM, quinsy, rheumatic fever, acute nephritis

25
Q

rubella

A

incubation 14-23d
prodrome: none or mild fever before the rash
rash: none or for 1-3d a pink macular rash on the face/trunk. itchy
otherwise well
mild disease
sub-occipital lymphadenopathy

infectivity: 7d before to 5d after rash
transmission: resp droplet or direct contact

complications:
in-utero - congenital rubella syndrome:
deafness, cataracts, cardiac abnormalities, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, purpura
30% mortality
25% if exposure in first 4 months
60-80% in first month
rarely encephalitis at 10d
26
Q

erythema infectiosum

A

parvovirus B19
slapped cheek rash
lace-like patterned rash (might be itchy)
more severe in adults, with arthritis and lymphadenopathy
benign course and rare complications
transient marrow depression and rarely aplastic crisis
dangerous in pregnancy (5% anaemia and miscarriage)

27
Q

roseola infantum

A

children between 6 months-3 years
high fever
rash appears after fever subsides
3 day fever

28
Q

kawasaki disease

A 
small and medium vessel vasculitis
mnemonic: Warm CREAM
diagnosis:
Warm - fever >5d
plus 4 of:
Conjunctivitis - bilateral, non-purulent
Rash - erythematous, maculopapular or mobilliform
Erythema - palms and feet, with swelling
Adenopathy, cervical -1 unilateral node
Mucous membrane - dry, red strawberry tongue

complications: coronary artery aneurysm, myocarditis - so do an echo

29
Q

chicken pox

A

herpes zoster
itchy
highly infectious, 14-16d post exposure
vesicular rash on red background
starts on trunk, spreads to face and limbs
macules, vesicles, papules, pustules present at once, finally crusting over
Tx: antipyretics, antihistamines, calamine lotion, systemic antiviral for immunocompromised
lifelong immunity but can recur as shingles

30
Q

meningococcal septicaemia

A

neisseria meningitidis
meningitis, septicaemia or both
high mortality and morbidity
serotype C included in immunisation regime, B to start this year
early recognition and Tx vital - ben pen/cefotaxime
ABC assessment and resus
prophylaxis for contacts eg rifampicin, ciprofloxacin

31
Q

impetigo

A

staph a, beta haem strep
highly infectious
primary of complicated with other conditions eg eczema
vesicles or bullae surrounded by narrow margin of erythema
vesicles/bullae rupture to release thin cloudy yellow fluid, which dries to from yellow crusts
usually around nose and mouth
stay off school until lesions are crusted and healed, or 48h after starting ABx

Tx: topical fusidic acid or mupirocin, oral flucloxacillin

32
Q

erythema multiforme

A

immunologically mediated
precipitated by mycoplasma infection or drugs (sulphonamides, penicillin)
target lesions (purple centre, erythematous ring)

steven-johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

33
Q

hand foot and mouth disease

A

cause: coxsackie viral infection
features:
low grade fever, headache, vesicles on hands and feet lasting 3-10days (can be widespread)
mouth lesions - yellow ulcers with red borders
can be complicated by aseptic meningitis
management: supportive

34
Q

eczema

A 
begins 2-3 months on cheeks
extensor surfaces
flexures (antecubital, popliteal)
improves 3-5yo
pruritis
FHx
higher risk of atopy at later stage
35
Q

HSP

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a rare condition causing vasculitis
rash and joint and tummy pain
HSP can affect people of any age, but the majority of cases occur in children under 10
blood vessels throughout the body become irritated and swollen, which can cause problems such as bleeding into the skin (resulting in a rash) and occasionally problems affecting the kidneys and bowel
HSP is not usually serious and most cases get better within a few weeks
complications tend to involve the kidneys eg haematuria, proteinuria, HTN and oedema

36
Q

HSP - signs and Sx

A

purpura - usually on the buttocks, around the elbows and on the legs, and sometimes also on the face and upper body
arthropathy in the knees and ankles, which can also become swollen, tender and warm
abdo pain, which can develop suddenly before the rash appears
HSP can also cause some other symptoms, including passing blood in your urine or stools, vomiting and diarrhoea
The condition is often associated with a previous infection so you or your child may initially have symptoms of an infection as well, such as a fever and feeling generally unwell

37
Q

ITP

A 
immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
autoimmune disorder in which the number of circulating platelets is reduced
due to their increased destruction, and sometimes also due to reduced production
38
Q

ITP aetiolgy

A

In ITP, otherwise normal platelets are destroyed, most often in response to an unknown stimulus. This may occur in isolation (primary ITP) or in association with other disorders (secondary)

Causes of secondary ITP include:

Other autoimmune disorders (including antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus)
Viral infections (including cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster, hepatitis C and HIV)
Infection with Helicobacter pylori
Medication
Lymphoproliferative disorders

Paediatrics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions