Rapid Review Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortis), vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Aortic dissection
Hypertension
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
S. pneumoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
Breast cancer
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postemenopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium, ball and valve)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world), idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
Coronary artery involve din thrombosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy), adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (cushing disease), paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Cyanosis (early, less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis (late, more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
Dietary deficit
Iron
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide), adenocarcinoma (US)
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US), cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma, lentiform shaped)
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)