Rapid Review Classic Presentations Flashcards
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use
Clostridium difficile infection
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
IgA deficiency
Anterior drawer sign
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Athlete with polycythemia
Secondary to erythropoietin injection
Back pain, fever, night sweats
Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granuloma)
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Bluish line on gingiva
Burton line (lead poisoning)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Paget disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
Aortic regurgitation
“Blutterfy” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
Neurofibromatosis type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutations of dystrophin gene)
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue
Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)
“Cherry-red spots” on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion
Angina (stable or unstable)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)
Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG
Unstable angina (negative troponins) or NSTEMI (positive troponins)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum, fifth disease, parvovirus B19)
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF, may be unilateral or bilateral)
Continuous machine like heart murmur
PDA (close with indomethacin, open or maintain with PGE analogs)
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease (pretebial))
Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, increased 5-HIAA)
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin/vitamin B3 deficiency)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamine/vitamin B1 deficiency)
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, increased bleeding tendency
Ehlers-Danloas syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
Meniere disease
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles