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STEP 1 > rapid review COPY > Flashcards

rapid review COPY Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal pain
ascities
hepatomegaly

A

budd chiari syndrome

post hepatic venous thrombosis

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2
Q

abdominal pain
diarrhea
leukocytosis (WBCs up)
recent abx

A

c diff infection

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3
Q

achilles tendon xanthoma

A

familial hypercholesterolemia

decrease LDL receptor signalling

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4
Q

adrenal hemorrhage
hypotension
DIC

A

waterhouse friderichsen syndrome

meningococcemia

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5
Q

anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA def

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6
Q

anterior “drawer sign” positive

A

ACL injury

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7
Q

arachnodactyly
lens dislocation upward
aortic dissection
hyperflexible joints

A

marfans syndrome

fibrillin defect

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8
Q

athlete with polycythemia

A

secondary to erythropoietin injection

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9
Q

back pain
fever
night sweats

A

potts disease

vertebral TB

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10
Q

bilateral acoustic scwannomas

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

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11
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy

uveitis

A

sarcoidosis

noncaseating granulomas

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12
Q

black eschar on face of patient with DKA

A

mucor or rhizopus fungal infection

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13
Q

blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

type 1 collagen defect

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14
Q

bluish line on gingiva

A

burton line

lead poisoning

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15
Q

bone pain
bone enlargement
arthritis

A

paget disease of bone

increased OB and OC activity

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16
Q

bounding pulses
wide pulse pressure
diastolic heart murmur
head bobbing

A

aortic regurg

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17
Q

“butterfly” facial rash
raynaud phenomenon
young female

A

SLE

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18
Q 
cafe au lait spots
lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
cutaneous neurofibromas
pheochromocytoma
optic gliomas
A

neurofibromatosis type 1

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19
Q

cafe au lait spots (unilateral)
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
precocious puberty
multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune Albright syndrome

mosaic G protein signaling mutation

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20
Q

calf pseudohypertrophy

A

muscular dystrophy

most commonly duchenne

due to x linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene

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21
Q 
cervical LAD
desquamating rash
coronary aneurysms
red conjunctiva and tongue
hand foot changes
A

kawasaki disease

treat with IVIG and aspirin

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22
Q

“cherry red spots” on macula

A

Tay sachs (ganglioside accumulation)

or

niemann pick (sphingomyelin accumulation)

due to central retinal artery occlusion

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23
Q

chest pain on exertion

A

angina

stable= with moderate exertion

unstable= with minimal exertion or at rest

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24
Q

chest pain
pericardial effusion/friction rub
persistent fever following MI

A

dressler syndrome

autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis

2 weeks to several months after an acute episode

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25
Q

chest pain with ST depressions on EKG

A

unstable angina (negative troponins)

or

NSTEMI (positive troponins)

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26
Q

child uses arms to stand up from a squat

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

gowers sign

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27
Q

child with fever later develops a red rash on his face that spreads to his body

A

erythema infectiosum/fifth disease

“slapped cheeks” appearance

caused by parvovirus B19

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28
Q

chorea
dementia
caudate degeneration

A

huntington disease

autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion

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29
Q

chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications

A

congenital toxoplasmosis

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30
Q 
chronic exercise intolerance 
myalgia
fatigue
painful cramps
myoglobinuria
A

McArdle disease

skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency

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31
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

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32
Q

conjugate horizontal gaze palsy

horizontal diplopia

A

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

due to damage to the MLF

may be unilateral or bilateral

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33
Q

continuous “machine like” heart murmur

A

PDA

close with indomethacin

keep open with PGE analogs

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34
Q

cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

myxedema

caused by:
hypothyroidism
graves disease ([pretibial])

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35
Q

cutaneous flushing
diarrhea
bronchospasm

A

carcinoid syndrome

right sided cardiac valvular lesions

increased 5-HIAA

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36
Q

dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

kaposi sarcoma

associated with HHV8

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37
Q

deep, labored breathing/hyperventilating

A

DKA

kussmaul respirations

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38
Q

dermatitis
dementia
diarrhea

A

pellagra

niacin deficiency (vit B3)

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39
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy
edema
alcoholism or malnutrition

A

wet beriberi

```
thiamine deficiency
vit B1
~~~

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40
Q

dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

pasteurella multocida

cellulitis at the inoculation site

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41
Q

dry eyes
dry mouth
arthritis

A

Sjogren syndrome

autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands

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42
Q

dysphagia (esophageal webs)
glossitis
iron def anemia

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome

may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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43
Q

elastic skin
hypermobility of joints
increased bleeding tendency

A

ehlers danlos syndrome

type 5 collagen defect
type 3 collagen defect seen in the vascular subtype of ehlers danlos

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44
Q

enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

virchow node

abdominal metastasis

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45
Q

episodic vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss

A

meniere disease

the inner ear disorder

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46
Q

erythroderma
LAD
hepatosplenomegaly
atypical T cells

A

mycosis fungoides
(cutaneous T cell lymphoma)

or

sezary syndrome
(mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

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47
Q

facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

chvostek sign

hypocalcemia

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48
Q

fat
female
forty
fertile

A

cholelithiasis

aka gallstones

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49
Q

fever
chills
headache
myalgia following abx treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction

rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin like release

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50
Q 
fever
cough
conjunctivitis
coryza (nose mucosa inflamm)
diffuse rash
A

measles

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51
Q

fever
night sweats
weight loss

A

B symptoms of lymphoma

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52
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature

A

peyronic disease

connective tissue disorder

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53
Q

Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea

A

Wilson disease

kayser fleischer rings due to copper accumulation

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54
Q

Gout
intellectual disability
self mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch nyhan syndrome

HGPRT deficiency

x linked recessive

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55
Q

hamartomatous GI polyps

hyperpigmentation of the mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

A

peutz jeghers syndrome

inherited
benign polyposis

can cause bowel obstruction
increased cancer risk
mainly GI

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56
Q 
hepatosplenomegaly 
pancytopenia
osteoporosis
aseptic necrosis of femoral head
bone crises
A

Gaucher disease

glycocerebrosidase deficiency

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57
Q

hereditary nephritis
sensorineural hearing loss
cataracts

A

Alport syndrome

mutation in collagen 4

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58
Q

hyperphagia
hypersexuality
hyperorality
hyperdocility (agreeable and submissive)

A

Kluver Bucy syndrome

bilateral amygdala lesions

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59
Q

hyperreflexia
hypertonia
babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

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60
Q

hyporeflexia
hypotonia
atrophy
fasciculations

A

LMN damage

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61
Q

hypoxemia (low O2 in blood)
polycythemia (hct high)
hypercapnia (CO2 high)

A

chronic bronchitis

hyperplasia of mucous cells

“blue bloater”

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62
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

painful with exudate= chancroid
(haemophilus ducreyi)

non painful= chancre
(primary syphilis, treponema pallidum)

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63
Q

infant with cleft lip/palate
microcephaly or holoprosencephaly
polydactyly
cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome

trisomy 13

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64
Q

infant with hypoglycemia

hepatomegaly

A 
cori disease
(debranching enzyme deficiency)

or

von gierke disease
(glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency, more severe)

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65
Q

infant with microcephaly
rocker bottom feet
clenched hands
structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome

trisomy 18

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66
Q

jaundice

palpable distended non tender gallbladder

A

courvoisier sign

distal malignant obstruction of the biliary tree

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67
Q

large rash with bull’s eye appearance

A

erythema chronicum migrans from ixodes tick bite

lyme disease= borrelia

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68
Q

lucid (clear) interval after traumatic brain injury

A

epidural hematoma

middle meningeal artery rupture

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69
Q

male child
recurrent infections
no mature B cells

A

bruton disease

x linked agammaglobulinemia

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70
Q

mucosal bleeding

prolonged bleeding time

A

glanzmann thrombasthenia

defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gp2b/3a

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71
Q

muffled heart sounds
distended neck veins
hypotension

A

Beck triad of cardiac tamponade

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72
Q

multiple colon polyps
osteomas/soft tissue tumors
impacted/super-numerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome

a subtype of FAP

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73
Q

myopathy
(infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
exercise intolerance

A

pompe disease

lysosomal alpha 1,4 glucosidase deficiency

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74
Q

neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

erb-duchenne palsy

superior trunk (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury

“waiter’s tip”

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75
Q

No lactation postpartum
absent menstruation
cold intolerance

A

sheehan syndrome

pituitary infarction

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76
Q

nystagmus
intention tremor
scanning speech
bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

multiple sclerosis

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77
Q

painful blue fingers/toes

hemolytic anemia

A

cold agglutination disease

autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by:
mycoplasma pneumoniae
infectious mononucleosis
CLL

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78
Q

painful fingers/toes changing color from white to blue to red with cold or stress

A

raynaud phenomenon

vasospasm in extremities

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79
Q

painful raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

A

osler nodes

infective endocarditis
immune complex deposition

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80
Q

painless erythematous lesions on the palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions

infective endocarditis
septic emboli
microabscesses

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81
Q

painless jaundice

A

cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

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82
Q

palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
joint pain
abdominal pain (child)
hematuria

A

henoch schonlein purpura

IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys

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83
Q

pancreatic tumor
pituitary tumor
parathyroid tumor

A

MEN1

autosomal dominant

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84
Q

periorbital and/or peripheral edema
proteinuria (>3.5g/day)
hypoalbuminemia
hypercholesterolemia

A

nephrotic syndrome

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85
Q

pink complexion
dyspnea
hyperventilation

A

emphysema

“pink puffer”

centriacinar (smoking) or panacinar (alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency)

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86
Q 
polyuria
renal tubular acidosis type 2
growth failure
electrolyte imbalances 
hypophosphatemic rickets
A

fanconi syndrome

multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule

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87
Q

pruritic (itchy), purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques
(6 P’s)

A

lichen planus

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88
Q

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

A

horner syndrome

sympathetic chain lesion

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89
Q

pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

neurosyphilis

argyll robertson pupil

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90
Q

rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following a GI/upper resp infection

A

guillain barre syndrome

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype

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91
Q

rash on the palms and soles

A

coxsackie A
secondary syphilis
rocky mountain spotted fever

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92
Q

recurrent cold abscesses (non inflamed)
unusual eczema
high serum IgE

A

hyper IgE syndrome

job syndrome

due to neutrophil chemotaxis abnormalitiy

(staph abscesses)

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93
Q

red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patient

A

klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

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94
Q

red “currant jelly” stools

A

acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)

intussusception (children)

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95
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of the nipple/areola

A

paget disease of the breast

sign of underlying neoplasm

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96
Q

red urine in the morning

fragile RBCs

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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97
Q

renal cell carcinoma (bilateral)
hemangioblastomas
angiomatosis
pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel Lindau disease

dominant tumor supressor gene mutation

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98
Q 
resting tremor
rigidity
akinesia
postural instability 
shuffling gait
A

parkinsons disease

loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta

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99
Q

retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

roth spots

bacterial endocarditis

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100
Q

severe jaundice in neonate

A

crigler najjar syndrome

congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

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101
Q

severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

rovsing sign

acute appendicitis

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102
Q

severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness

A

McBurney sign

acute appendicitis

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103
Q 
short stature
cafe au lait spots
thumb/radial defects
increased incidence of tumors/leukemia
aplastic anemia
A

fanconi anemia

genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair often progresses to AML

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104
Q

single palmar crease

A

down syndrome

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105
Q

situs inversus
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis
infertility

A

kartagener syndrome

dynein arm defect affecting cilia

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106
Q

skin hyperpigmentation
hypotension
fatigue

A

primary adrenocortical deficiency

aka addisons disease

causes increased ACTH and increased alpha MSH production

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107
Q

slow progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

becker muscular dystrophy

x linked missense mutation in dystrophin

less severe than duchenne

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108
Q

small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue white centers

A

koplik spots

due to measles -rubeola- virus

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109
Q

smooth, moist, painless, wart like white lesions on genitals

A

condylomata lata

secondary syphilis

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110
Q

splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

bacterial endocarditis

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111
Q

“strawberry tongue”

A

scarlet fever

kawasaki disease

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112
Q 
streak ovaries
congenital heart disease
horseshoe kidney
cystic hygroma at birth
short stature
webbed neck
lymphedema
A

turner syndrome

45XO

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113
Q

sudden swollen painful big toe joint

tophi (uric acid crystal deposits)

A

gout/podagra

hyperuricemia

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114
Q

swollen gums
mucosal bleeding
poor wound healing
petechiae

A

scurvy

vit C deficiency

cant hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis

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115
Q

swollen hard painful finger joints

A

osteoarthritis

osteophytes on PIP (bouchard nodes) and DIP (heberden nodes)

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116
Q

systolic ejection murmur

crescendo-decrescendo

A

aortic stenosis

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117
Q 
telangiectasias
recurrent epistaxis
skin discoloration 
arteriovenous malformations
GI bleeding 
hematuria
A

osler weber rendu syndrome

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

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118
Q

thyroid tumor
parathyroid tymor
pheochromocytoma

A

MEN2A

autosomal dominant RET mutation

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119
Q

thyroid tumor
pheochromocytoma
ganglioneuromatosis (mucosal neuromas)

A

MEN2B

autosomal dominant RET mutation

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120
Q

toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

babinski sign

UMN lesion

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121
Q

unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

LMN facial nerve CN7 palsy

UMN lesions spare the forehead

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122
Q

urethritis
conjunctivitis
arthritis
in a male

A

reactive arthritis associated with HLA B27

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123
Q

vascular birthmark (port wine stain) of the face

A

nevus flammeus

benign but associated with sturge weber syndrome

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124
Q

vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

A

mallory weiss syndrome

alcoholics and bulimic patients

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125
Q 
weight loss
diarrhea
arthritis
fever
adenopathy
A

whipple disease

tropheryma whipplei

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126
Q

“worst headache of my life”

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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127
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error
anencephaly
spina bifida (open neural tube defects)

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128
Q

anti-centromere antibodies

A

scleroderma

CREST

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129
Q

anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) ab’s

A

pemphigus vulgaris

blistering

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130
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane ab’s

A

goodpasture syndrome

glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis

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131
Q

anti-histone ab’s

A

drug induced SLE

due to hydralazine
isoniazid
phenytoin
procainamide

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132
Q

anti- IgG ab’s

A

rheumatoid arthritis

systemic inflammation
joint pannus
boutonniere deformity

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133
Q

anti- mitochondrial ab’s (AMA’s)

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

female
cholestasis
portal HTN

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134
Q

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic ab’s (ANCA’s)

A

microscopic polyangiitis
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyagnittis
(MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

primary sclerosing cholangitis
(MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

granulomatosis with polyangiitis
(wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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135
Q

anti-nuclear ab’s (ANA’s; anti-smith; anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE

type 3 hypersensitivity

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136
Q

anti-platelet ab’s

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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137
Q

anti-topoisomerase ab’s

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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138
Q

anti- transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial ab’s

A

celiac disease

diarrhea
weight loss

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139
Q

“apple core” lesion on barium enema xray

A

colorectal cancer

usually left sided

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140
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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141
Q

azurophilic peroxidase plus granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

auer rods

AML
especially APML (promyelocytic) M3 type
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142
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive= strep pyogens GAS

resistance= strep agalactiae GBS

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143
Q

“bamboo spine” on xray

A

ankylosing spondylitis

chronic inflammatory arthritis

HLA B27

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144
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell Jolly bodies

due to splenectomy or non functional spleen

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145
Q

basophilic stippling RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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146
Q

bloody or yellow tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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147
Q

“boot shaped” heart on xray

A

TOF

due to RV hypertrophy

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148
Q

branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israeli

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149
Q

bronchogenic atypical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor

can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause horner syndrome

(lung apex tumor, causes shoulder pain)

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150
Q

“brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism

or

osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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151
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

chagas disease

trypanosoma cruzi

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152
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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153
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis

frequently involves both ovaries

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154
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

homer wright rosettes

neuroblastoma
medulloblastoma

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155
Q

colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF

autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene

fat soluble vitamin def and mucous plugs

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156
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

down syndrome

or

other chromosomal abnormalities

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157
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A 
tabes dorsalis 
(tertiary syphilis)

subacute combined degeneration
(dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, and spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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158
Q

“delta wave” on ekg
short PR interval
supraventricular tachycardia

A

wolff parkinson white syndrome

bundle of kent bypasses the AV node

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159
Q

depigmentation of neurons in the substantia nigra

A

parkinsons disease

basal ganglia disorder
rigidity
resting tremor
bradykinesia

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160
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

curschmann spirals

bronchial asthma
can result in whorled mucous plugs

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161
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

call exner bodies

granulosa cell tumor of the ovary

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162
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes

HPV
predisposes to cervical cancer

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163
Q

electrical alternans

alternating amplitude on EKG

A

pericardial tamponade

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164
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl eye” appearance of CMV

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165
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

“orphan annie” eyes nuclei

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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166
Q

eosinophil cytoplasmic inclusion in the liver cell

A

mallory body

alcoholic liver disease

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167
Q

eosinophil cytoplasmic inclusion in the neuron

A

lewy body

parkinson disease and lewy body dementia

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168
Q

eosinophilic globule in the liver

A

councilman body

viral hepatitis, yellow fever

represents hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis

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169
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

A

negri bodies of rabies

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170
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

A

senile plaques

alzheimers disease

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171
Q

giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

“owl eyes”

A

Reed sternberg cells

HL

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172
Q

glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

schiller duval bodies

yolk sac tumor

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173
Q

“hair on end”
or “crew cut”
appearance on xray

A

beta thalaseema

sickle cell disease

due to marrow expansion

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174
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma
hydatidiform mole
(with and without embryo)
multiple pregnancy

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175
Q

heart nodules

granulomatous

A

anschoff bodies

rheumatic fever

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176
Q

heterophile ab’s

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

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177
Q

hexagonal
double pointed
needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma

charcot leyden crystals
eosinophilic granules

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178
Q

high level of D-dimer

A

DVT
PE
DIC

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179
Q

hilar LAD
peripheral granulomatous lesion in midline or lower lung lobes
(can calcify)

A

Ghon complex

primary TB, mycobacterium bacili

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180
Q

“honeycomb lung” on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulm fibrosis

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181
Q

hypercoagulability

leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis

A

Trousseau syndrome

adenocarcinoma of pancreas of lung

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182
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia

B12 def= neuro symptoms

folate def= no neuro symptoms

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183
Q

HTN
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

conn syndrome

184
Q

hypochromatic microcytic anemia

A

iron def anemia
lead poisoning
thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

185
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

A

cowdry type A bodies

HSV or VZV

186
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies

due to asbestosis
increased lung cancer

187
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

SqCC

188
Q

large granules in phagocytes

immunosuppr

A

chediak higashi disease

cong failure of phagolysosome formation

189
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

ulcerative colitis

loss of haustra

190
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition of glomeruli on immunoflorescence

A

good pastures syndrome

191
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson disease

hepatolenticular degeneration
copper accumulation

192
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

post strep glomerulonephritis

due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3

193
Q

lytic (“punched out”) bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

194
Q

mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

fibrocystic chance of the breast

195
Q

monoclonal ab spike

A

multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)

monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS- consequence of aging)

waldenstrom (M protein- IgM) macroglobulinemia

primary amyloidosis

196
Q

mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“signet ring”

gastric carcinoma

197
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

“string sign”

crohns disease

198
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis
(wegner, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

and

goodpastures syndrome
(anti-basement membrane ab’s)

199
Q

needle shaped

negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout

monosodium urate crystals

200
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

kimmelstiel wilson nodules

diabetic neuropathy

201
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive= staph epidermidis

resistant= staph saprophiticus

202
Q

“nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of the liver due to right hear failure or budd chiari syndrome

203
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

ewing sarcoma

malignant small blue cell tumor

204
Q

optochin sensitivity

A

sensitivity= strep pneumo

resistant= strep viridans
strep mutans and strap sanguis

205
Q

podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease

child with nephrotic syndrome

206
Q

protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles
(alzheimers disease)

and

pick bodies
(picks disease)

207
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas
papillary thyroid carcinoma
mesothelioma
papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

208
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on a brain biopsy

A

GBM

209
Q 
raised periosteum 
(creating a "codman triangle")
A

aggressive bone lesion

due to
osteosarcoma
ewing sarcoma
osteomyelitis

210
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

211
Q

rectangular
crystal like
cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

A

reinke crystals

leydig cell tumors

212
Q

recurrent infections
eczema
thrombocytopenia

A

wiskott aldrich syndrome

213
Q

renal epithelial casts in urine

A

intrinsic renal failure

ischemia or toxic injury

214
Q

rhomboid crystals

positive birefringent

A

pseudogout

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

215
Q

Rib notching

inferior surface, on cxr

A

coarctation of the aorta

216
Q

ring enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS patient

A

toxoplasma gondii

CNS lymphoma

217
Q

sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered, pale, tingible body laden macrophages
“starry sky” histology

A

burkitt lymphoma

t (8;14)
c-myc activation
associated with EBV
“starry sky” made of malignant cells

218
Q

silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

pick bodies

pick disease- progressive dementia, changes in personality

219
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone

generally benign

220
Q

“spikes” on basement membrane

“dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy

nephrotic syndrome

221
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation

high ESR
multiple myeloma

222
Q

“steeple” sign on frontal cxr

A

croup

parainfluenza virus

223
Q

bacteria covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

“clue cells”

gardnerella vaginalis

224
Q

streptococcus bovis bacteremia

A

colon cancer

225
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells

A

birbeck granules

langerhans cell histiocytosis

226
Q

thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

A

familial adenomatous polyposis

autosomal dominant
mutation of APC gene

227
Q

thrombi made of white/red layers

A

lines of zahn

arterial thrombus
layers of platelets/RBCs

228
Q

“thumb sign” on lateral neck xray

A

epiglottitis

haemophilus influenzae

229
Q

thyroid like appearance of the kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

usually due to recurrent infections

230
Q

“tram track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

231
Q

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease

alcoholic or metabolic syndrome

232
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout
lesch nyhan syndrome
tumor lysis syndrome
loop and thiazide diuretics

233
Q

“waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

234
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

235
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL

almost always B cell

236
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

usually seen with lupus

237
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia

due to subarachnoid hemorrhage

238
Q

absence seizures tx

A

ethosuximide

239
Q

acute gout attack tx

A

NSAIDS
colchicine
GCs

240
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) tx

A

all trans retinoic acid

241
Q

ADHD tx

A 
methylphenidate
amphetamines
CBT
atomoxetine
guanfacine
clonidine
242
Q

alcoholism tx

A

disulfiram
acamprosate
naltrexone
supportive care

243
Q

alcohol withdrawal tx

A

long acting benzo’s

244
Q

anorexia tx

A

nutrition
psychotherapy
mirtazapine

245
Q

arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue tx

A 
class 1B antiarrhythmics
(lidocaine
mexiletine)
246
Q

BPH tx

A

alpha 1 antagonists
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
PDE5 inhibitors

247
Q

bipolar tx

A 
mood stabilizers 
(lithium
valproic acid
carbamazepine)
atypical antipsychotics
248
Q

breast cancer in post menopausal women tx

A

aromatase inhibitors

anastrozole

249
Q

buerger disease tx

A

smoking cessation

250
Q

bulimia nervosa tx

A

SSRIs

251
Q

candida albicans tx

A

topical azoles (vaginitis)

nystatin
fluconazole
caspofungin (oral/esophageal)

fluconazole
caspofungin
amphotericin B (systemic)

252
Q

carcinoid syndrome tx

A

octreotide

253
Q

chlamydia trachomatis tx

A

doxycycline

(plus ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)

erythromycin eye drops
(conjunctivits prophylaxis in infants)

254
Q

chronic gout tx

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors
(allopurinol
febuxostat)

pegloticase
probenecid

255
Q

chronic hep B or hep C tx

A

interferon alpha (HBV and HCV)

ribavirin
simeprevir
sofosbuvir
HCV

256
Q

chronic myelogenous leukemia tx

A

imatinib

257
Q

clostridium botulinum tx

A

antitoxin

258
Q

clostridium difficile tx

A

oral metronidazole

if refractory, give oral vancomycin

259
Q

clostridium tetani tx

A

antitoxin

260
Q

CMV tx

A

ganciclovir
foscarnet
cidofovir

261
Q

Crohn disease tx

A

corticosteroids
infliximab
azathioprine

262
Q

cryptococcus neoformans tx

A

fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

263
Q

cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis tx

A

mesna

264
Q

depression tx

A

SSRIs (first line)

265
Q

diabetes insipidus tx

A

desmopressin (central)

hydrochlorothiazide
indomethacin
amiloride (nephrogenic)

266
Q

DM1 tx

A

dietary intervention
low carbs
insulin replacement

267
Q

DM2 tx

A

dietary intervention
oral hypoglycemics
insulin if refractory

268
Q

DKA tx

A

fluids
insulin
potassium

269
Q

drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

heparin

270
Q

enterococci tx

A

vancomycin

aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

271
Q

erectile dysfunction tx

A

sildenafil
tadalafil
vardenafil

272
Q

ER positive breast cancer tx

A

tamoxifen

273
Q

ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication tx

A

fomepizole

alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor

274
Q

Hib tx

A

rifampin (prophylaxis)

275
Q

generalized anxiety disorder tx

A

SSRIs
SNRIs (first line)
buspirone (second line)

276
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegner) tx

A

cyclophosphamide

corticosteroids

277
Q

heparin reversal tx

A

protamine sulfate

278
Q

HER2/neu positive breast cancer tx

A

trastuzumab

279
Q

hyperaldosteronism tx

A

spironolactone

280
Q

hypercholesterolemia tx

A

statin (first line)

281
Q

hypertriglyceridemia tx

A

fibrate

282
Q

immediate anticoagulation tx

A

heparin

283
Q

infertility tx

A

leuprolide
GnRH (pulsatile)
clomiphene

284
Q

influenza tx

A

oseltamivir

zanamivir

285
Q

kawasaki disease tx

A

IVIG

high dose aspirin

286
Q

legionella pneumophila tx

A

macrolides

azithromycin

287
Q

long term anticoagulation tx

A

warfarin
dabigatran
rivaroxaban
apixaban

288
Q

malaria tx

A

chloroquine
mefloquine
atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont)
primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

289
Q

malignant hyperthermia tx

A

dantrolene

290
Q

medical abortion drug

A

mifepristone

291
Q

migraine tx

A

abortive therapies
(sumatriptan
NSAIDs)

prophylaxis
(propranolol
topiramate
CCB 
amitriptyline)
292
Q

MS tx

A

disease modifying therapies
(beta interferon
natalizumab)

for acute flares use IV steroids

293
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis tx

A

RIPE

(rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol)

294
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae tx

A

ceftriaxone

add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis

295
Q

neisseria meningitidis tx

A

penicillin/ceftriaxone

rifampin (prophylaxis)

296
Q

neutal tube defect prevention

A

prenatal folic acid

297
Q

osteomalacia/rickets tx

A

vitamin D supplementation

298
Q

osteoporosis tx

A 
calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis)
biphosphonates
PTH analogs
SERMs
calcitonin
denosumab (treatment)
299
Q

PDA tx

A

close with indomethacin

keep open with PGE analogs

300
Q

pheochromocytoma tx

A

alpha blockers

phenoxybenzamine

301
Q

pneumocystis jirovecii tx

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppr patients)

302
Q

prolactinoma tx

A

cabergoline/bromocriptine

dopamine agonists

303
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroid tx

A

leuprolide

GnRH (continuous)

304
Q

prostate adenocarcinoma

A

flutamide

305
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa tx

A

anti-pseudomonal penicillins
aminoglycosides
carbapenems

306
Q

pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic) tx

A

sildenafil
bosentan
epoprostenol

307
Q

rickettsia rickettsii tx

A

doxycycline

chloramphenicol

308
Q

schizophrenia (negative symptoms) tx

A

atypical antipsychotics

309
Q

schizophrenia (positive symptoms) tx

A

typical and atypical antipsychotics

310
Q

SIADH tx

A

fluid restriction
IV hypertonic saline
conivaptan/tolvaptan
demeclocycline

311
Q

sickle cell disease tx

A

hydroxyurea

increases fetal hemoglobin

312
Q

sporothrix schenckii tx

A

itraconazole

oral potassium iodide

313
Q

stable angina tx

A

sublingual nitroglycerin

314
Q

staph aureus tx

A

MSSA= nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
anti-staph penicillins

MRSA= vanco
daptomycin
linezolid
ceftaroline

315
Q

strep bovis tx

A

penicillin prophylaxis

evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

316
Q

strep pneumo tx

A

penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pnu)

vanco (meningitis)

317
Q

strep pyogens (GAS) tx

A

penicillin prophylaxis

318
Q

temporal arteritis tx

A

high dose steroids

319
Q

tonic clonic seizures tx

A

levetiracetam
phenytoin
valproate
carbamazepine

320
Q

toxoplasma gondii tx

A

sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine

321
Q

treponema pallidum tx

A

penicillin

322
Q

trichomonas vaginalis tx

A

metronidazole

patient and partner

323
Q

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) tx

A

carbamazepine

324
Q

ulcerative colitis tx

A

5-ASA preparations
(mesalamine)

6-mercaptopurine
infliximab
colectomy

325
Q

UTI prophylaxis tx

A

TMP-SMX

326
Q

warfarin reversal tx

A

FFP acute

vit K non acute

327
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to SqCC

328
Q

acute gastric ulcer assoc with CNS injury

A

cushing ulcer

increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion

329
Q

acute gastric ulcer assoc with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer

greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa

330
Q

age ranges for patients with

ALL

CLL

AML

CML

A

ALL= child

CLL= adult >60

AML= adult 65 yo

CML= adult 45-85

331
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions

crohns disease

332
Q

aortic aneurysm

abdominal

A

atherosclerosis

333
Q

aortic aneurysm

ascending or arch

A

tertiary syphilis
(syphilitic aortitis)
vasa vasorum destruction

334
Q

aortic aneurysm

thoracic

A

marfan syndrome

idiopathic cystic medial degeneration

335
Q

aortic dissection

A

hypertension

336
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A 
wernicke encephalopathy
(thiamine def causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
337
Q

autosplenectomy

fibrosis and shrinkage

A

sickle cell disease

hemoglobin S

338
Q

bacteria assoc with gastritis
PUD
gastric cancer
(adenocarcinoma and MALToma)

A

H pylori

339
Q

bacterial meningitis (adult and elderly)

A

strep pneumo

340
Q

bacterial meningitis (newborn and kids)

A

GBS/Ecoli/Listeria (newborns)

strep pneumo/neisseria mening (kids/teens)

341
Q

bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

krukenberg tumor

mucin secreting signet ring cells

342
Q

bleeding disorder with Gp1b def

A

bernard soulier syndrome

defect in platelet adhesion to vWF

343
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial

metastasis
astrocytoma (including GBM)
meningioma
schwannoma

344
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial
medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

supratentorial
craniopharyngioma

345
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

346
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change

carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

347
Q

breast tumor (benign, young woman)

A

fibroadenoma

348
Q

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma

often seen in tuberous sclerosis

349
Q

cardiac manifestations of lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

350
Q

cardiac tumor (adults)

A

mets

myxoma (90% in LA, “ball valve”)

351
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari 1 malformation

352
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

a fib

assoc with risk of emboli

353
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis

autoimmune

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma

can also cause pernicious anemia

354
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

355
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

hypotension

A

21 hydroxylase def

356
Q

cong cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

357
Q

cong conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

black liver

A

dubin johnson syndrome

inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile

358
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world)

idiopathic
viral illness
developed world

359
Q

cretinism

A

iodine deficit

cong hypothyroidism

360
Q

cushing syndrome

A

iatrogenic (steroid tx)
adrenocortical adenoma (secreting cortisol)
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma (cushing disease)
paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secreting tumor)

361
Q

cyanosis (early, less common)

A

TOF
transposition of the great vessels
truncus arteriosus

362
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

363
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

364
Q

dementia

A 
alzheimers disease
multiple infarcts (vasc dementia)
365
Q

demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

366
Q

DIC

A 
severe sepsis
obstetric complications
cancer
burns
trauma
major surgery
acute pancreatitis
APL
367
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenker diverticulum

diagnosed by barium swallow

368
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

369
Q

esophageal cancer

A

SqCC (worldwide)

adenocarcinoma (USA)

370
Q

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

staph aureus

b. cereus

371
Q

gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

372
Q

glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

berger disease

IgA nephropathy

373
Q

gynecologic cancer

A

endometrial carcinoma (most common in USA)

cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

374
Q

heart murmur

congenital

A

MVP

375
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever)

tricuspid= IVDA

376
Q

helminth infection (USA)

A

ascaris lumbricoides

377
Q

hematoma-epidural

A

rupture of the middle meningeal artery

trauma
lentiform shaped

378
Q

hematoma- subdural

A

rupture of bridging veins

crescent shaped

379
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple blood transfusions
hereditary HFE mutation

can result in heart failure
“bronze DM”
and liver carcinoma

380
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhotic liver

assoc with hep B and hep C and alcoholism

381
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von willebrand disease

382
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

gilbert syndrome

benign cong unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

383
Q

HLA B27

A

psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD assoc arthritis
reactive arthritis (formely reiter syndrome)

384
Q

HLA DR3

A 
DM1
SLE
graves disease
hashimoto thyroiditis (HLA DR5 too)
addisons disease
385
Q

HLA DR4

A

DM1
rheumatoid arthritis
addison disease

386
Q

holosystolic murmur

A

VSD
tricuspid regurg
mitral regurg

387
Q

hypercoagulability
endothelial damage
blood stasis

A

virchow triad

increased risk of thrombosis

388
Q

hypertension

secondary

A 
renal artery stenosis
chronic kidney disease
(polycystic kidney disease
diabetic nephropathy)
hyperaldosteronism
389
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

390
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma

usually a benign tumor

391
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

hep C

392
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

catalase positive bugs
staph aureus
e coli
aspergillus

393
Q

intellectual disability

A

down syndrome

fragile x syndrome

394
Q

kidney stones

A

calcium= radiopaque

struvite (ammonium)= radiopaque
formed by urease positive bugs like klebsiella, proteus, and staph saprophiticus

uric acid= radiolucent

cysteine= radiolucent

395
Q

late cyanotic shunt

uncorrected becomes left to right

A

eisenmenger syndrome

caused by ASD
VSD
PDA

results in pulm HTN and polycythemia

396
Q

liver disease

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

397
Q

lysosomal storage disease

A

gaucher disease

398
Q

cancer assoc with non infectious fever

A

HL

399
Q

cancer (kids)

A

leukemia

brain tumor

400
Q

mets to bone

A

prostate cancer
breast cancer >lung cancer
thyroid cancer
kidney cancer

401
Q

mets to brain

A

lung>breast>prostate>melanoma> GI

402
Q

mets to liver

A

colon» stomach>pancreas

403
Q

microcytic anemia

A

iron def

404
Q

mitochondrial inheritence

A

disease occurs in both males and females

inherited only by mom

405
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

406
Q

mixed UMN and LMN disease

A

ALS

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

407
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

408
Q

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

membranous nephropathy

409
Q

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

minimal change disease

410
Q

neuron migration failure

A

kallman syndrome

hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia

411
Q

nosocomial pnu

A

staph aureus
pseudomonas
enteric gram negative rods

412
Q

obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

413
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

414
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

PJ pnu

415
Q

osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

most common overall

416
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

417
Q

osteomyelitis in IVDA

A

pseudomonas
candida
staph aureus

418
Q

ovarian tumor (benign, bilateraly)

A

serous cystadenoma

419
Q

ovarian tumor (cancer)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

420
Q

pancreatitis (acute)

A

gallstones

alcohol

421
Q

pancreatitis (chronic)

A

alcohol = adults

CF (kids)

422
Q

PID

A

chlamydia

gonorrhea

423
Q

philadelphia chromosome
t (9;22)
BCR-ABL

A

CML

sometimes assoc with ALL/AML

424
Q

pituitary tumor

A

prolactinoma

somatotrophic adenoma

425
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

turner syndrome
45 XO
or
45XO/46XX mosaic

426
Q

primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

427
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adrenal hyperplasia
or
adenoma

428
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

adenomas
hyperplasia
carcinoma

429
Q

primary liver cancer

A 
hepatocellular carcinoma
(chronic hepatitis
cirrhosis
hemochromatosis
alpha 1 antitrypsin def
wilson disease)
430
Q

pulm HTN

A 
idiopathic
heritable
left heart disease (HF)
lung disease (COPD)
hypoxemic vasoconstriction (OSA)
thromboembolic (PE)
431
Q

recurrent inflamm/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

buergers disease (tobacco assoc)

432
Q

refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

zollinger ellison syndrome
gastrinoma of the duodenum or pancreas

assoc with MEN1

433
Q

renal tumor

A

renal cell carcinoma
(assoc with von hippel lindau and cigarette smoking)

paraneoplastic syndromes
(EPO
renin
PTHrP
ACTH)
434
Q

right heart failure due to pulm cause

A

cor pulmonale

435
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increased ventricular filling pressure
(mitral regurg
HF)

common in dilated ventricles

436
Q

S4 heart sound

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle
(aortic stenosis
restrictive cardiomyopathy)

437
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

chlamydia and gonorrhea

438
Q

SIADH

A

SCC of the lung

439
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

440
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abdominal aorta> coronary artery> popliteal artery>carotid artery

441
Q

t (14; 18)

A

follicular lymphoma
(BCL-2 activation
anti-apoptotic oncogene)

442
Q

t (9;22)

A

philadelphia chromosome
CML
BCL-ABL activation
tryosine kinase oncogene

443
Q

t (8; 14)

A

burkitt lymphoma
c-myc fusion
transcription factor oncogene

444
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of ipsalateral blindness due to occlusion of the ophthalmic artery
polymyalgia rheumatica

445
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma
(malignant
radiosensitive)

increase in placental ALP

446
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

childhood irradiation

447
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma
(estrogen dependent
not pre cancerous)

448
Q

tumor in infancy

A

strawberry hemangioma

grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood

449
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

pheochromocytoma

usually benign

450
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

neuroblastoma

malignant

451
Q

type of HL

A

nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

452
Q

type of NHL

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

453
Q

UTI

A 
ecoli
staph saprophyticus (young women)
454
Q

vertebral compression fracture

A

osteoporosis
type 1= post menopausal women
type 2= elderly man or woman

455
Q

viral encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe

A

HSV 1

456
Q

vitamin def USA

A

folate = pregnant women at high risk, body stores for 3-4 month supply, prevents NTDs

STEP 1 (11 decks)

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