Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
Anti-centromere antibodies
Scleroderma (CREST)
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
- Antibodies against desmosomes (macula adherens, contains cadherins)
- Flaccid blisters involving oral mucosa
- Separation of epidermis with manual traaction
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture’s syndomre (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Antihistone antbodies
Drug-induced SLE
- Hydralazine, INH, procainamide, penytoin
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere’s deformity)
Antimitochrondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Primary billiary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis
- c-ANCA: Wegener’s
- p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
- all ANAs: sensitive, but not specific for SLE
- anti-dsDNA: very specific, poor prognosis
- anti-Smith: very specific, less sensitive, not prognostic
Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic sclerosis
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
“Apple core” lesions on KUB
CRC (usually L-sided)
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
Auer rods
- AML, esp M3 (promyelocytic type)
Bacitracin response
Sensitive: GAS (Strep pyogenes)
Resistant: GBS (Strep agalactiae)
“Bamboo spine” on X-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA B-27)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
- 2/2 splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Sideroblastic anemia
- Toxins: lead, copper, or zinc poisoning
- Drug-induced: ethanol (*MC), isoniazid, chloramphenicol, cycloserine, Linezolid, oral contraceptives
- Nutritional: pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) or copper deficiency
- Diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis or multiple myeloma
- Genetic: ALA synthase deficiency
Bloody tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
“Boot-shaped” heart on X-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
Branching, gram-pos rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
- Anaerobe, not acid fast
- Oral/facial abcesses, normal oral flora
- Tx with PCN
Bronchogenic apical lung cancer
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)
“Brown” tumor of bone
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
1) HyperPTH
2) Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chaga’s disease (Typanosoma cruzi, a flagellate protozoan)
- “Kissing bug:” Rhodnius prolixus/Reduviid bug, painless bit (vs. painful Tsetse fly bite of Trypansoma brucei, African sleeping sickness)
- Romana’s sign: swelling of eyelid
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
1) Goodpastures
2) Wegener’s
3) MPA