Pharmacology: Autonomic drugs Flashcards by Nina Zhao

Q

Bethanechol

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

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Q

Carbachol

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

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Q

Pilocarpine

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

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Q

Methacholine

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

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Q

Neostigmine

A

Indirect cholinergic agonist (AChEI)

No CNS penetration!
For reversal of NMJ junction blockade (post-op)

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Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Indirect cholinergic agonist (AChEI)

- Myasthenia gravis

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Q

Edrophonium

A

Indirect cholinergic agonist (AChEI)

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Q

Physostigmine

A

Indirect cholinergic agonist (AChEI)

- Atropine OD

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Q

Echothiophate

A

Indirect cholinergic agonist (AChEI)

- Glaucoma (contricts pupil)

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Q

Donepezil

A

Indirect cholinergic agonist (AChEI)

- AD

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Q

Pralidoxime

A

Reactivates inhibited AchE

- Use with atropine for organophosphate poisoning

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Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - eye, airway, stomach, gut, bladder

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Q

Homatropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - eye

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Q

Tropicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonist - eye

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Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - CNS

Dystonia
Parkinson’s (2nd line, improves tremor, not rigidity and bradycardia)

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Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - CNS

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Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist - lung

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Q

Oxybutynin

A

Muscarinic antagonist - GU

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Q

Glycopurrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist - GU

- Reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms

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Q

Methscoplolamine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - GI

- PUD

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Q

Pirenzepine

A

Muscarinic antagonist - GI

- PUD

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Q

Propantheline

A

Muscarinic antagonist - GI

- PUD

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Q

Toxicity of anticholinergics

A

Hot, dry, red, blind, mad

Hyperthemia
Urinary retention
Constipation
Flushed skin (decr vasoconstriction)
Cycloplegia
Acute angle closer glaucoma
Disorientation

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Q

Epinephrine

A

Non-selective Alpha1/2, Beta1/2
Low dose: Beta2 > Alpha1 (vasodilatatory)
High dose: Alpha1 > Beta2 (vasocontrictive)

Norepinephrine

Alpha1/2 > Beta1

Isoproterenol

Beta1/2 selective - B1: tachycardia - B2: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Dobutamine

Beta1 selective, minor Beta2 and Alpha1/2 effects | - Cardiac stress testing

Phenylephrine

Alpha1>2 selective - Pupillary dilation - Vascocontriction - Decongestant (2/2 vasoconstriction) - Cardiac stress testing

Dopamine

Low: D1 Med: Beta1/2 High: Alpha1/2

Metaproterenol

``` Beta2 agonist (some Beta1) - Acute asthma (MAST) ```

Albuterol

``` Beta2 agonist (some Beta1) - Acute asthma (MAST) ```

Salmeterol

``` Beta2 agonist (some Beta1) - Long-term asthma management (MAST) ```

Terbutaline

``` Beta2 agonist (some Beta1) - For premature uterine contractions (MAST) ```

Ritodrine

``` Beta2 agonist (pure) - Decr premature uterine contractions ```

Amphetamine

Indirect sympathomimetic (release stored catecholamines)

Ephedrine

Indirect sympathomimetic (release stored catecholamines)

Cocaine

Indirect sympathomimetic (uptake inhibitor)

NorE vs. Isoproterenol vs. Phenelephrine?

NorE: alpha > beta1 (no beta2) Isoproterenol: beta1/2 only Phenelephrine: alpha only

Clonidine

Central apha2-agonist, sympathoplegic

Alpha-methyldopa

Central apha2-agonist, sympathoplegic

Phenoxybenzamine

Irreversible alpha-blocker | - Before pheochromocytoma removal

Phentolamine

Reversible alpha-blocker | - Reverse MAOI tyramine-food OD

Prazosin

Alpha1-selective blocker - HTN, BPH, - First dose orthostatic hypotension

Terazosin

Alpha1-selective blocker - HTN, BPH, - First dose orthostatic hypotension

Doxazosin

Alpha1-selective blocker - HTN, BPH, - First dose orthostatic hypotension

Mirtazapine

Alpha2-selective blocker

Acebutolol

Beta1-selective blocker with partial Beta-AGonist activity

Betaxolol

Beta1-selective blocker

Esmolol

Beta1-selective blocker

Atenolol

Beta1-selective blocker

Metoprolol

Beta1-selective blocker

Propanolol

Beta1/2-nonselective blocker

Timolol

Beta1/2-nonselective blocker

Nadolol

Beta1/2-nonselective blocker

Pindolol

Beta1/2-nonselective blocker with partial Beta-AGonist activity

Cavedilol

Alpha and Beta-nonselective blocker | - CHF

Labetalol

Alpha and Beta-nonselective blocker | - HTN

The two beta blockers with partial beta-agonist activity

Pindolol | Acebutolol