Cardiology

Question 1

Holosystolic, high pitched blowing murmur, loudest at apex.

What would increase sound of this murmur?

Answer 1

MR

Anything that increases SVR (impede forward flow)

Question 2

Holosystolic, high pitched blowing murmur, loudest at RSB

Answer 2

TR

Anything that increases RA/RV volume, e.g. inspiration

Question 3

Crescendo-decrescendo SEM

Mechanism of the ejection click

Answer 3

AS

Click due to abrupt halting of the valve leaflets

Question 4

Holosystolic murmur at L or R sternal border, may be harsh sounding

Answer 4

VSD

Question 5

Last systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click

Answer 5

MVP

Click due to sudden tensing of chordae tendinae, at peak of prolapse

Question 6

Immediate high-pitched “blowing” diastolic murmur

What physical exam signs would you see?

Answer 6

AR

Head bobbing, widened pulse pressure

Question 7

Opening snap, followed by low rumbling diastolic mumur

What can increase these murmurs?

Answer 7

MS

Anything that increases LA volume (e.g. expiration)

Question 8

Fixed splitting of S2 on cardiac auscultation

Answer 8

ASD

Question 9

Continuous murmur over upper precordium

Answer 9

PDA

Question 10

Bifid carotid pulse with brisk upstroke

Answer 10

HOCM - dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction during systole

“Spike and dome”