Rapid Review 1 Flashcards
what bug is this and what does it transmit
Reduviid bug
kissing bug
Trypanosoma cruzi aka Chagas
what is this & what does it cause (via what mechanism)
brown recluse
Loxosceles reclusa
Phospholipase/Sphingomyelinase D causes dermonecrosis
what is this
head louse
what is this
body louse
what is this
where is its anal groove
what does it transmit
Dermacentor
anal groove BELOW anus
Francisella
Rickettsia
what is this
what does it transmit
DERMACENTOR (variabilis) aka American dog tick
Francisella tularensis (tularemia) [also Amblyomma]
Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
what is this
what does it transmit
DERMACENTOR (variabilis) aka American dog tick
Francisella tularensis (tularemia) [also Amblyomma]
Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)
what is this
where is its anal groove
what does it transmit
amblyomma americanum
anal groove BELOW anus
Ehrlichia
Francisella
what’s the scientific name for the lone star tick?
amblyomma americanum
what’s the scientific name for the american dog tick
dermacentor (variabilis)
what’s this & what does it transmit?
AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM aka THE LONE STAR TICK
Ehrlichia chafeensis (human monocytic ehrlichiosis)
Francisella tularensis (tularemia) [also Dermacentor]
what’s the scientific name for a blacklegged deer tick?
ixodes
clinical specificity
value obtained when the number of true negatives is divided by the sum of the true negatives and false positives
clinical sensitivity
value obtained when the number of true positives is divided by the sum of the true positives and the false negatives
how do you calculate false negative rate?
1 minus clinical sensitivity
the formula for THIS relates instrument response to analyte concentration
calibration curve
analytical specificity
the performance of the assay when measuring an analyte in the presence of an interfering substance
analytical sensitivity
lowest possible concentration of an analyte that is accurately & reproducibly measured by an assay
what is this
dientamoeba fragilis
(1-2 nuclei, 3-5 granules of chromatin)
Dense granules
CAAMPS
Calcium
ADP
ATP
Magnesium
Pyrophosphate
Serotonin
Alpha granules
PPPvBFF
PDGF
P-selectin
PF4
vWF
β-thromboglobulin
factor V
fibrinogen
“other proteins”
what’s this
cyclospora cayetanensis
what’s this
Giardia
what’s this
entamoeba histolytica
what’s this
entamoeba histolytica
what’s this
chilomastix mesnili
(oral groove)
Dubin-Johnson
type of bili & gene
CONJUGATED
MRP2 mutation
Rotor syndrome
type of bili & gene
CONJUGATED
SLCO1B1and SLCO1B3 mutations
Crigler-Najjar
type of bili & gene
UNconjugated
UGT1A1 mutation
Gilbert’s syndrome
type of bili & gene
UNconjugated
UGT1A1 mutation
liver cirrhosis lab values
hypoalbuminemia
hypergammaglobulinemia (high total protein)
most important prognostic factor in CML
response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
tube & preservative for coag studies
light blue top
sodium citrate 3.2%
tube & preservative for serum determinations in chemistry & serology
gold top serum separator tube
clot activator & gel
tube & preservative for serum determinations in chemistry and serology PLUS drug/tox testing
red top
clot activator
tube & preservative for plasma determinations in chemistry
green or tan top
sodium heparin or lithium heparin
tube & preservative for lead determinations
lavender top
sodium heparin (glass)
K2 EDTA (plastic)
tube & preservative for whole blood hematology, immunohematology, ABO grouping, Rh typing, antibody screening, etc
royal blue top
K2 EDTA
(dipotassium ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid)
tube & preservative for trace-element, tox, nutritional determinations
gray top
sodium heparin
Na2 EDTA
tube & preservative for glucose determinations
gray top
potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride
sodium fluoride/Na2 EDTA
blood tube draw order
blue (jan)
red (feb)
gold (march)
green (april)
purple & blue (may)
gray (june)
convex, smooth colonies w/ musty odor
gram negative rod
won’t grow on MacConkey
susceptible to penicillin
Pasteurella multocida
major hCG @ 3-5 weeks of gestation
hyperglycosylated hCG
major hCG in choriocarcinoma
hyperglycosylated hCG
major hCG past 5 weeks gestation
intact hCG
major hCG in postgestational choriocarcinoma or after removal of hydatidiform mole
nicked hCG
(inactivated)
sensitive marker for testicular cancer (blood)
free beta-hCG levels
pathogenesis of TRALI
anti-human neutrophil antigen antibodies (HNA-Abs) [CLASS II] {or HLA class I Abs} bind to marginated neutrophils in pulmonary vasculature > neutrophil activation > pulmonary leak
newborn screening for cystic fibrosis
measure immunoreactive trypsinogen
+
DNA analysis
whose egg is this
paragonimus westermani
(opercular shoulders)
whose egg is this
clonorchis sinensis
(abopercular knob)
(v smol)
whose egg is this
Diphyllobothrium latum
(NO shoulders on its operculum)
(tiny abopercular knob)
whose egg is this?
fasciola hepatica
(no shoulders, no knob)
(rather lorge)
whose egg is this?
fasciolopsis buski
(transparent, no shoulders)
sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR)
L858R
(you die L8R if you have this mutation cause the drugs work)
resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR)
T790M
troponin complex components
troponin C (smallest)
troponin I
troponin T (biggest)
which troponin binds calcium?
troponin C
c = calcium
which troponin is an actomyosin-ATP–inhibiting protein?
troponin I
i = inhibit
which troponin binds tropomyosin?
troponin T
t = tropomyosin
gene for Duffy antigen
DARC
[Fy(a-b-) is commonest in DARC-skinned pts]
Duffy Fy(a-b-) is most likely what race?
black
what does a DARC mutation do?
in Duffy antigen Fy(a-b-) phenotype
disrupts binding site for erythroid specific GATA-1 transcription factor
usu you get Duffy on other tissues, but not RBCs
if no Duffy on tissues OR RBCs, you can make Anti-Fy3 Abs
vector for Lyme
Ixodes tick
White footed mouse & white tailed deer are vectors for what bacteria?
Borrelia burgdorferi
When do Lyme/Borrelia IgG Abs peak?
after 4-6 months of illness
gold standard for enumerating reticulocytes
new methylene blue (NMB) or brilliant cresyl blue
[supravital dyes]
normal frequency for CAP inspections
every 2 years
hypoparathyroidism
PTH & Ca
both low
hyperparathyroidism
PTH & Ca
primary & tertiary: both high
secondary has low-normal Ca with high PTH
pseudohypoparathyroidism
PTH & Ca
high PTH
low Ca
(peripheral PTH resistance)
you know what else you see this in? Rickets
pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
PTH & Ca
both normal!
Fanconi anemia
inheritance & defect
autosomal recessive (mostly)
abnormal chromosome breakage studies
most helpful lab in evaluation of primary amenorrhea
FSH
hematopoietic progenitor cell transport shipper requirements
portable liquid nitrogen “dry” shippers
must maintain a temp of -150 C or less for at least 48 hours past the time of delivery to the facility
what needs to be on the HIV Western blot for it to be positive?
p160/120
OR
p41 env + p24 gag
what is the HIV window period
6 weeks
(time of exposure til the time Abs show up)
what do you do if you have discrepant HIV screening? (positive EIA but negative Western blot)
HIV qualitative nucleic acid test
(can also be used before Abs are detectable)
deferral period for toxoids; synthetic or killed viral, bacterial, or rickettsial vaccines; recombinant vaccines; intranasal live attenuated flu vaccine
NONE
includes anthrax, cholera, diphtheria, hep A, hep B, flu, Lyme, paratyphoid, pertussis, plague, pneumococcal polysaccharide, polio/Salk/injection, rabies, RMSF, tetanus, typhoid (injection, NOT oral), HPV
deferral period after live attenuated viral and bacterial vaccines for:
measles/rubeola
mumps
polio/Sabin/oral
typhoid/oral
yellow fever
2 weeks