Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
Px presents with Anti-endomysal antibodies.
What pathology is at hand?
Celiac disease
Px presents with Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.
What pathology is at hand?
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Px presents with Anti-smooth muscle antibodies.
What pathology is at hand?
Autoimmune hepatitis
What complement proteins are most likely deficient in a patient with recurrent Neisseria infections?
Membrane attack complex complements (deficiency in any of the following):
-C5, C6, C7, C8, C9
What type of infection is a patient with IL-12 deficiency at most risk for?
Mycobacterial infections
What receptors are found on the surface of dendritic cells?
MHC Class I
MHC Class II
B7 protein (CD80, CD86)
CD40
Where does B7 protein bind to on Th cells?
CD28
What surface receptors are expressed by NK cells?
CD16, CD56
Can release perforin and granzyme
—> Fas ligand/receptor interaction —> induces apoptosis
What surface receptors are expressed by B cells?
CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40
MHCII, B7 protein
IgM, IgD
And CD40 that is used with CD40L from T cells to activate B cells
What are the markers expressed by T cells?
CD3, TCR, CD28,
CD8
Or CD4 - CXCR4/CCR5
CD40L
What surface receptors are found on macrophages?
CD14, CD40,
MHC I and MHC II, B7 protein, CCR5
Fc and C3b receptors
What IgX is released as a primary immune response? What is secreted after?
IgM, the later it’s IgG
What is the differential diagnosis for Eosinophilia?
DNAAACP
Drugs (NSAIDs, penicillins/cephalosporins) (stains pink on kidney biopsy)
Neoplasm
Allergies, asthma (Churg-Strauss), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)
Acute interstitial nephritis
Collagen vascular disease (PAN, Dermatomyositis)
Parasites - strongyloides, Ascaris, Löeffler eosinophilic pneumonitis, (HIV, hyper IgE Sd., coccidiodomycosis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, etc)
What does IL-4 vs IL-5 produce?
IL-4 stimulates IgG and IgE production and IL-5 stimulates switching to IgA in addition to help differentiation of Eosinophils
IL-4 —> IgE
IL-5 —> Eosinophils
Complement deficiencies in C1-C4 cause what?
Increased risk of severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections. Increased risk of SLE.
Complement deficiencies in C5-C9 cause what?
Increased susceptibility to recurrent neisseria bacteremia.
This deficiency causes angioedema due to unregulated activation of Kallikrein —> increasing bradykinin. Characterized by low C4 levels. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated. What is the regulatory protein deficiency?
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
A defect in PIGA gene preventing the formation of anchors for complement inhibitors, such as decay-acceleration factor (DAF/CD55) and membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL/CD59). Causes complement-mediated lysis of RBCs. What is the regulation protein deficiency?
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
What are the most important components for opsonization?
C3B and IgG
What compliment is responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis?
C5a
Patient suffers from recurrent neisseria infections. What compliment proteins are they lacking?
Any from C5-C9
Where are Payers Patches located?
In the ileum —> specifically between the lamina propia and the submucosa of the ileum.
What is the MOA of NK cells?
Induce apoptosis in cells that don’t have MHC I. Activity enhanced by IL-12, IL-2, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta
Patient presents with cells that are lacking surface markers CD55 and CD59. What is the disease at hand, and what happens to these cells?
What is the diagnostic test?
Complement attacks them and lyses red blood cells.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Flow cytometry or Ham’s Test (RBC places in lower pH and they lyse)
A child presents with partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, and recurrent infections. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Patient presents with antimitchondrial antibodies. What is the suspected pathology?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Patient presents with antiplatelet antibodies. What is the suspected pathology?
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Newborn Patient presents with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and chronic Candida. What is the suspected pathology?
SCID
What pathology is being described:
Neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli
Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome)
OR
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome
What pathology is being described:
Adenosine desminase deficiency
SCID
What pathology is being described:
Failure of endodermal development
DiGeorge Syndrome
What pathology is being described:
Defective tyrosine kinase gene
Bruton agammaglobulina
What CSF findings are seen with Guillan-Barré?
Normal cell count with increased protein
