Rapid Fire Facts

Question 1

most common cause of neural tube defects?

Answer 1

folate deficiency

Question 2

most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in the US?

Answer 2

Alcohol use in pregnancy

Question 3

amyloid deposits in GREY matter of brain?

Answer 3

senile plaques

(alz dz)

Question 4

Drooling farmer

Answer 4

organophosphate poisoning

DUMBBELSS

D-diarrhea

U-urination

M-miosis

B-bradycardia

B-bronchospams

E-excitation of skeletal m and CNS

L-lacrimation

S-salivation

S-sweating

Question 5

swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint?

Answer 5

Podegra - gout

Question 6

positively birefringent, rhomboid shaped crystals

Answer 6

pseudogout

calicum pyrophosphate deposition disease

Question 7

negatively birefringent, needle shaped crystals

Answer 7

gout

Question 8

bamboo spine on x-ray

Answer 8

ankylosing spondylitis

(seronegative spondyloarthropathy)

negative rhematoid factor = no anti-IgG antibodies

strongly associated with HLA-B27 (gene that codes for MHC class I)

Question 9

HLA B27

Answer 9

gene that codes for MHC class I

asspciated wtih seronegative spondyloarthropathies

PAIR:

psoriatic arthritis

ankylosing spondylitis

inflammatory bowel disease spondylitis (UC, crohns)

Reactive arthritis/Reiter syndrome

Question 10

Pencil in cup on X-ray of finger?

Answer 10

Psoriatic arthritis

seronegative spondyloarthropathy

Question 11

what therapy given to women could increase risk for hepatic adenoma?

Answer 11

OCP use!

Question 12

grape-like vaginal tumor?

Answer 12

Sarcoma botryoides / rhabdomyosarcoma variant

affects girls < 4 y/o

spindle shaped cells

IHC: + desmin + myogenin smooth muscle

presents with clear, grape-like, polypoid mass emerging from vagina

• malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle*
• cytoplasmic cross-striations*

Question 13

most common cause of infertility in women?

Answer 13

PCOS

Question 14

midcycle pelvic pain associated with ovulation?

Answer 14

Mittelschmerz

Question 15

ovarian tumors + ascities + hydrothorax (pleural effusion):

Answer 15

Meigs Syndrome

associated with fibromas

Question 16

teratoma w/ hyperthyroidism?

Answer 16

struma ovarii

Question 17

snowstorm appearance on ultrasound?

Answer 17

hydatifiform mole

Question 18

most common CA in women in the US

Answer 18

breast CA

Question 19

most common benign breast tumor

Answer 19

fibroadenoma

Question 20

most common malignant breast CA?

Answer 20

infiltrating ductal CA

Question 21

blue dome cyst in the breast?

Answer 21

non-proliferative fibrocystic change

Question 22

tx for Er+?

Answer 22

tamoxifen

Question 23

red, itchy swollen mass at the areola of the nipple

Answer 23

pagets disease of the breast

Question 24

wt loss, fever, diarrhea, athralgias, hyperpigmentation, adenopathy

Answer 24

whipple disease

T. whipplei - gram positive

PAS + foamy macrophages in intestinal lamina propria, mesenteric nodes

>older white men

Question 25

most common site of colonic diverticula?

Answer 25

sigmoid colon

Question 26

on contrast X-ray:

string sign?

lead pipe?

Answer 26

string sign –> crohns (transmural inflammation)

lead pipe –> ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

Question 27

severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonate

Answer 27

crigler-najjar syndrome, type I

• does not respond to phenobarbital
• jaundice, kernicterus (bilirubin deposition in brain)
  tx: plasmapheresis, phototherapy, liver transplant

due to ABSENT UDP-glucuronuosultransferase

presents early in life

Question 28

Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes

Answer 28

fatty liver disease

Question 29

eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

Answer 29

mallory bodies

seen in alcoholic liver disease/hepatitis