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Uworld Buzz step2 > Random5 > Flashcards

Random5 Flashcards

1
Q

post traumatic shoulder pain w/ limited active abduction - think?

A

rotator cuff tear

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2
Q

rotator cuff tear, typical trauma –> ?

A

fall on an outstretched arm

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3
Q

signs of rotator cuff tear? (3)

A
  • drop arm sign
  • weakness w/ external rotation (passive range nL)
  • pain worsened by raising arm overhead or w/ ext rotation
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4
Q

treatment of rotator cuff tear?

A

surgery w/ best results if performed w/in 6 wks of injury

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5
Q

MSK suggestions of a pancoast tumor? (4)

A
  • shoulder pain
  • radicular pain radiating to wrist
  • atrophy of muscles
  • compressive symptoms (ie edema)
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6
Q

infant nL @ birth but graudally dev apathy, weakness, hypOtonia, large tongue, sluggish movement, abdominal bloating, difficult breathing, jaundice, hypOthermia, umbilical hernia, refractory macrocytic anemia - think

A

congenital hypOthyroidism

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7
Q

causes of floppy baby syndrome (2)?

A
  • Botulism

- Werdnig-Hoffman syndrome

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8
Q

Werdnig Hoffman syndrome is?

A
  • AR disorder
  • Degeneration of ant. horn cells and cranial motor nuclei
  • symp prior to 6mo (ie generalized m. weakness, hypOtonia, hypermobility of joints, absent tendon relfexes, fasiculation of tongue, etc)
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9
Q

m. weakness, atrophy of distal m. of upper and lower extremities, inc tone, testicular atrophy, and baldness - think?

A

Myotonic congenital myopathy

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10
Q

nikolsky sign is?

A

top layer of skin slips away from lower layers when slightly rubbed

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11
Q

nikolsky sign is positive w? (3)

A
  • Scalded skin syndrome (Staph aureus - exfoliative toxin)
  • Toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (absent in bullous pemph)
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12
Q

complication of kawasaki disease (2)?

A
  • Coronary artery aneurysms

- MI

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13
Q

What should be done at time of dx and post kawasaki disease?

A

Echocardiography

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14
Q

reye syndrome is?

A

hepatic encephalopathy due to aspirin use in children during influenza or varicella infx

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15
Q

sickle cell pt w/ stroke, treatment?

A
  • Exchange transfusion (to dec # of sickle RBCs)
  • Continue hydroxyurea
  • Note: this does not reverse stroke, prevents any further strokes
  • note: fibrinolytic therapy not likely to help bc 2ndary to sludging of sickle cell not thrombus/emboli
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16
Q

twisting force w/ foot fixed –> popping sound, what injured?

A

medial meniscus

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17
Q

palpable locking, catching, clicking when joint is internally or externally rotated and is then flexed or extended – think?

A

meniscal tear

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18
Q

forceful hyperextension of knee or noncontact torsional injury during deceleration –> ?

A

ACL tear

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19
Q

blow to the lateral knee or forceful leg abduction –>?

A

Medial collateral ligament tear

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20
Q

patellofemoral pain syndrome presents? (3)

A
  • chronic ant. knee pain
  • worsened by activity or prolonged sitting/flexion
  • crepitus w/ motion of patella
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21
Q

gold standard confirmatory test for HIT?

A

Serotonin release assay

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22
Q

necrotic lesions at heparin injection sites –> think?

A

HIT (Ab mediated)

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23
Q

supracondylar fracture concern for entrapment of what? (2)

A
  • Brachial artery

- Median nerve

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24
Q

anti-topoisomerase 1 antibody?

A

Scleroderma

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25
Q

Antimitochondrial Ab?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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26
Q

Anti-smooth muscle Ab?

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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27
Q

salvage therapy is?

A

treatment for a disease when a standard treatment fails

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28
Q

treatment for a disease when a standard treatment fails is called?

A

salvage therapy

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29
Q

adjuvant therapy is?

A

treatment given in ADDITION to standard therapy

ie radical prostatectomy + radiation at same time

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30
Q

treatment given in addition to standard therapy is?

A

adjuvant therapy

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31
Q

consolidation therapy is?

A

therapy given after induction therapy to further reduce tumor burden (consolidate our gains)

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32
Q

induction therapy is?

A

an initial dose of a treatment to rapidly kill tumor cells and send pt into remission

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33
Q

initial dose of a treatment meant to kill tumor and cause remission?

A

induction therapy

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34
Q

therapy given after induction therapy to further reduce tumor burden?

A

consolidation therapy

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35
Q

maintenance therapy is?

A

given after induction and consolidation therapies to kill any residual tumor cells and keep pt in remission

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36
Q

neoadjuvent therapy is?

A

a treatment given BEFORE the standard therapy for a particular disease

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37
Q

a treatment given before the standard therapy for a particular disease is?

A

neoadjuvent therapy

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38
Q

initial treatment for DKA?

A
  • nL saline
  • IV regular insulin
  • correct electrolyte abnl
  • treat precipitating cause
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39
Q

DKA requirements for dx?

A
  • blood gluc >250

- serum pH

40
Q

most appropriate next step in management of progressive pain in pt w/ prostate CA and bony mets after androgen ablation (orchiectomy)?

A

radiation therapy

41
Q

gastroparesis symp?

A
  • anorexia
  • n/v
  • early satiety
  • postprandial fullness
42
Q

treatment of pts w/ diabetic gastroparesis?

A
  • optimize DM control
  • dietary modifictation (small frequent meals, inc fiber)
  • meds to improve gastric emptying (ie metoclopramide)
43
Q

prokinetic and antiemetic med to help w/ diabetic gastroparesis?

A

metoclopramide

44
Q

what meds can help w/ diabetic gastroparesis?

A
  • Metoclopramide (prokinetic, antiemetic)
  • Erythromycin (prokinetic properties; used for acute exacerbations)
  • Cisapride (prokinetic, but risk of cardiac arrhythmias and death)
45
Q

acute inflammatory arthritis + chondrocalcinosis - think?

A

pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal arthritis)

46
Q

chondrocalcinosis is?

A

calcification of articular cartilage

*found w/ pseudogout

47
Q

anti-dss DNA Ab specific for?

A

SLE

48
Q

anti smith Ab specific for?

A

SLE

49
Q

anti-histone Ab is sensitive marker for what?

A

drug-induced lupus

(less so for minocycline-induced)

50
Q

anti-cyclic citrullinated Ab is specific for?

A

RA

51
Q

paget disease of bone due to?

A

osteoclastic bone resorption –> focal enlargement, weakness, or fracture of bone

52
Q

frontal bossing, headaches, hearing loss, bowing long bones, bone pain w/ inc alk phos and nL Ca and phosphate - think?

A

Paget’s disease of bone

53
Q

main treatment for paget’s disease of bone?

A

bisphosphonates

54
Q

what are pts w/ acromegaly most likely to die from?

A

cardiovascular complications

55
Q

acute back pain w/ point tenderness after lifting suggests?

A

vertebral compression fracture

56
Q

pain pattern w/ compression fracture?

A

pain w/ standing, walking, or lying on back

57
Q

positive straight leg raise test indicates?

A

nerve root compression –> herniated disk, radiculopathy, etc

58
Q

low back pain + neurological symptoms worse w/ spinal extension (ie walking, standing) but improved w/ leaning forward or lying down – think?

A

lumbar spinal stenosis

59
Q

treatment of alcohol withdrawal?

A

benzos

- IV lorazepam preferred in hospital setting & those w/ liver disease (intermediate duration)

60
Q

megacolon + cardiac disease - think?

A

Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)

61
Q

severe hyperCalcemia (>14) treatment?

A

Immediate:

  • nL saline + calcitonin
  • Avoid loop diuretics (unless vol overloaded)

Long term
- bisphosphonates (takes a few days)

62
Q

loss of fetal station - think?

A

uterine rupture

63
Q

painless vag bleeding on membrane rupture + fetal sinusoidal heart tracing (brady) - think?

A

vasa previa

64
Q

most common type of spinocerebellar ataxia?

A

Friedreich ataxia

65
Q

ataxia & dysarthria + scoliosis & hammertoes + concentric hypertophic cardiomyopathy - think?

A

Friedrich ataxia

(neuro + skeletal + cardiac)

66
Q

most common cause of death in pts w/ friedreich ataxia?

A

cardiomyopathy or respiratory complications

67
Q

pronator drift sensitive and specific finding for?

A

Pyyramidal/corticospinal tract disease (UMN)

68
Q

signs of drug induced hyperammonemia (ie valproate)?

A
  • encephalopathy (confusion, lethargy, etc)

- Neuromuscular findings (bradykinesia, asterixis, etc)

69
Q

major complication concern for parapharyngeal space infx? (2)

A
  • erosion into carotid artery

- jugular thrombophlebitis

70
Q

most feared complication of a retropharyngeal abscess?

A

spread of infx into mediastinum –> acute necrotizing mediastinitis

71
Q

chest pain due to coronary vasospasm?

A

variant angina (Prinzmental)

72
Q

greatest risk factor for variant (prinzmental) angina?

A

smoking

73
Q

transient chest pain occur at night w/ transient ST elevations - think?

A

variant (prinzmental) angina

74
Q

treatment of prinzmental (variant) angina?

A
  • elimination of risk factors (ie smoking)
  • Ca channel blockers
  • Alternatively, nitrates
75
Q

meds to avoid in variant (prinzmental) angina?

A
  • aspirin

- nonselective Beta blockers (ie propranolol)

76
Q

what is a calcitonin producing tumor?

A

medullary thyroid cancer

77
Q

Treament for guillen-barre?

A

IVIG or Plasmapheresis

78
Q

cyclosporine and pyridostigmine can treat?

A

Myasthenia gravis

79
Q

riluzole used in treatment of?

A

ALS

80
Q

what type of meds may help with the passage of a kidney stone?

A

Alpha 1 receptor blockers (ie tamsulosin)

81
Q

anticholinergic –> urinary what?

A

urinary retention

- can use to treat overactive bladder (inc bladder capacity)

82
Q

bethanechol is? can treat what nephro stuff?

A

cholinergic agent

treat urinary retention or atonic bladder

83
Q

oxybutynin is

A

anticholinergic

84
Q

maj subarchanoid hemorrhage complication in first 24 hrs if left untreated?

A

rebleeding (maj cause of death w/in 24hrs of presentation)

85
Q

maj subarchanoid hemmorhage complication in 3-10days post?

A

Vasospasm (maj cause of morbidity and death)

86
Q

Prophylaxis for subarachnoid hemorrhage pts to prevent vasospasm?

A

Nimodipine

87
Q

Nimodipine

A

prophylaxis for subarachnoid hemmorrhage pts to prevent vasospams

88
Q

when do you see todd’s palsy?

A

post seizure

- weakness one side of body for up to 48 hrs post seizure

89
Q

n/v, pneumobilia, hyperactive bowel sounds, and dilated loops of bowel – think?

A

gallstone ileus –> mechanical SBO

90
Q

firstline treatment for OCD ?

A

high dose SSRIs and/or exposure and response CBT

91
Q

young obese F w/ headache w/ nL imaging and inc ICP (ie papilledema) -

A

Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial HTN)

92
Q

treatment for pseudotumor cerebri

A
  • weight reduction
  • if weightloss doesn’t work –> Acetazolamide

eye surgery if refractory to both

93
Q

maj complication of pseudotumor cerebri?

A

blindness

94
Q

spinal cord compression what initial treatment?

A

IV steroids

95
Q

ventricular aneurysm ECG findings?

A
  • Persistent ST seg elevation post recent MI (5dys-3mo)

- Deep Q waves in same leads

Uworld Buzz step2 (11 decks)

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