Random4 Flashcards
normal jugular venous pressure?
normal jugular venous pressure?
teardrop shaped growths on vulva vestibule - think?
genital warts from HPV (condyloma acuminata)
condyloma acuminata caused by?
HPV
cluster of pink/skin-colored smooth teardrop lesions on vulva - think?
condyloma acuminata (genital warts) from HPV
condyloma lata is from?
2ndary syphilis
teardrop shaped growths on vulva vestibule - think?
genital warts from HPV (condyloma acuminata)
condyloma acuminata caused by?
HPV
cluster of pink/skin-colored smooth teardrop lesions on vulva - think?
condyloma acuminata (genital warts) from HPV
genital warts treat?
small :tricholoroacetic acid or prodophyllin
large: excision or fulguration (electric current)
condyloma lata is from?
2ndary syphilis
flat velvety lesions on vulva think?
condyloma lata (syphilis)
condyloma lata look?
flat velvety lesions on vulva
single fleshy lesion on labia majora – think?
vulvar cancer
white thin wrinkled skin over labia + itchy - think?
lichen sclerosus
hyperkeratotic, erosive, or papulosquamous lesions in middle aged women w/ pruritus, soreness, and vag discharge – think?
vulvar lichen planus
when pregnent pt has chronic HTN when?
systolic >140 and/or diastolic >90 PRIOR to conception or 20wks gestation
Chronic HTN w/ superimposed preeclampsia is?
Chronic HTN and 1 of following:
- new onset proteinuria/worsening proteinuria >=20wks
- sudden worsening of HTN
- Signs of end organ damage
new onset of elevated pressure >20 weeks gestation w/ no end organ issues?
gestation HTN
inc fetal risk w/ primary HTN preg are (4)?
- IUGR (asymmetric)
- Perinatal mortality
- Preterm delivery
- Oligohydramnios
treatment for benzodiazepine intoxication?
Flumazenil
Flumazenil treats what intoxication?
Benzodiazepine
Chronic HTN w/ superimposed preeclampsia is?
Chronic HTN and 1 of following:
- new onset proteinuria/worsening proteinuria >=20wks
- sudden worsening of HTN
- Signs of end organ damage
inc maternal risk w/ primary HTN are? (5)
- superimposed preeclampsia
- postpartum hemorrhage
- gestational DM
- Abruption
- C-section
beta blocker intoxication symp and treat w/?
- bradycardia + hypOtension + whezing
- glucagon
nL pupil size in bright light ?
2-4 mm
dilated pupil is ?
4-8mm
drowsiness + slurred speech + unsteady gate – what intoxicated w/?
- alcohol
- benzos
glucagon used for what intoxication?
Beta-blocker inxociation
beta blocker intoxication symp and treat w/?
- bradycardia + hypOtension + whezing
- glucagon
what meds can cause extrapyramidal side effects?
those that block dopamine (D2) receptors.
- 1st gen Antipsychotics (ie halperidol)
- Some 2nd gen antipsychotics (ie risperidone)
- antiemetics (ie metoclopramide)
what may help w/ tardive dyskinesia?
clozapine
Extrapyramidal symps?
- acute dystonia (torticollis)
- Akathisia (restlessness)
- parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia)
- Tardive dyskinesia
severe rigidity + mental status change + high fever + autonomic instability + psych meds - think?
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
treatment of akathisia (2)?
- propranolol
- lorazepam (benzo)
treatment of extrapyramidal symp – > parkinsonisms? (2)
- benztropine
- Amantadine
what may help w/ tardive dyskinesia?
clozapine
lead pipe rigidity - think?
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
severe rigidity + mental status change + high fever + autonomic instability + psych meds - think?
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
hereditary angioedema due to?
C1 inhibitor deficiency
rapid onset of non-inflammatory edema of face, limbs, and genitalia, laryngeal edema, colicky abdominal pain w/ no evidence of hives (urticaria) – think?
Hereditary angioedema
abdominal pain due to edema of intestines
c1 inhibitor deficiency or dysfuntion –>?
hereditary angioedema
immune hemolytic anemia and Rh hemolytic disease of new born what kind of hypersensitivity?
Ab mediated (type II)
C1 q levels differ how and why in hereditary vs acquired angioedema?
- Hereditary: C1q levels are normal
- Acquired: LOW c1q levels
cafe-au-lait spots, bilateral acoustic neuromas, cataracts - think?
neurofibromatosis type 2
what is elevated in hereditary angioedema?
C2b and bradykinin
serum sickness what type of hypersensitivity?
Immune complex mediate (type III)
immune hemolytic anemia and Rh hemolytic disease of new born what kind of hypersensitivity?
Ab mediated (type II)
cafe-au-lait spots, macrocephaly, feeding problems, short stature, and learning disabilities, lish nyhan spots- think?
Neurofibrimatosis 1
cafe-au-lait spots, bilateral acoustic neuromas, cataracts - think?
neurofibromatosis type 2
newborn w/ large flank masses + resp distress + flattened ears/nose + small jaw – think?
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
flattened ears/nose and small jaw = Potter faces
Potter faces - think? is?
- flattened ears/nose
- micgrognathia (small jaw) from oligohydramnios
Think: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
kid w/ pertussis how to treat household contacts?
- Macrolide for all household contacts
REGARDLESS of vax status
myopathy is?
disease of muscle –> muscle weakness
what med associated w/ pyloric stenosis?
erythromycin use in babies
erythromycin associated w/ what GI complication?
pyloric stenosis if used in pts
when acellular pertussis vaccine given?
5 doses!
2,4,6, 15-18mo and 4-6yo
myotonia is?
inability to relax muscles after strenuous effort
myopathy is?
disease of muscle –> muscle weakness
myotonic dystrophy is inherited how?
Autosomal dominent
mytonic m. dystrophy cause?
expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeat on DMPK gene
comorbidities w/ duchenne?
- scoliosis
- cardiomyopathy
comorbidity w/ becker MD?
cardiomyopathy
comorbidities w/ myotonic m. dystrophy? (4)
- arrhythmias
- cataracts
- balding
- testicular atrophy/infertility
Duchenne and Becker inherited how?
X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
mytonic m. dystrophy cause?
expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeat on DMPK gene
hazard rate is?
the change of an event occuring in 1 of the study groups during a set period
hazard ratio is?
chance of an event occuring in a TREATMENT group compared to the chance of that event occurring in the CONTROL group during a set period
Hazard ratio
event more likely to occur in control group
treatment likelihood/control likelihood
hazard ratio >1 means?
event more likely to occur in the treatment group
treatment likelihood/control likelihood
confidence interval contains 1 means?
no significant difference between the 2 groups
Delta wave is?
upsloping just before QRS complex
Electrical alternans found on EKG in what cardiac case ?
Pericardial effusion
QRS complexes who amplitudes vary from beat to beat - is?
Electrical alternans
think pericardial effusion
f waves found?
F wave = flutter wave
Dx for atrial fluter
most common skin malignancy in gen pop?
basal cell carcinoma
Delta wave is?
upsloping just before QS complex
main cause of exertional heat stroke?
inadequate/failure of thermoregulation
- fluid and salt levels may contribute, but does not cause
squamous cell carcinoma common in?
Immunosuppresed pts (ie organ transplant)
pearly, flesh/pink colored nodule w/ telangiectatic vessels - think?
basal cell carcinoma
most common skin malignancy in gen pop?
basal cell carcinoma
immunosuppressed pt + multiple, discrete, flesh–red colored papules of varying size w/ slight central umbilication – think?
Disseminated cryptococcosis
heat exhaustion vs heat stroke?
Exhaustion: inability to maintain adequate CO due to dehydration
Stroke: failure of thermoregulation
main cause of fever?
cytokine activation during inflammation
main cause of malignant hyperthermia?
uncontrolled efflux of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum
rare autosomal dom disorder, pts receive halothane and succinylcholine for anesthesia –> hyperthermia
heat exhaustion cause by?
inadequate Na and H2O replacement during physical activity
Heat exhaustion is?
inability to maintain adequate cardiac output
heat exhaustion vs heat stroke?
Exhaustion: inability to maintain adequate CO due to dehydration
Stroke: failure of thermoregulation
baker’s cysts dev bc?
excessive fluid production by inflamed synovium –> accumulates in popliteal bursa
- associated w/ RA, OA, cartilage tears
resting tremor is?
low amplitude and freq tremor that dec w/ voluntary movement (so most pronounced when resting)
seen w/ parkinson’s disease
Resting tremor associated w/?
parkinson’s disease
which tremor is relieved w/ alcohol?
Essential tremor
parkinson disease due to?
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia
Intention tremors associated w/?
Cerebellar dysfunction
what tremor asociated w/ cerebellar dysfunction?
low freq (3-4 even lower than PD) INTENTION tremor (inc at end of intentional movement that is visually directed [ie reaching for something])
physiological tremors are what type?
postural (inc w/ sustained m. tone –> ie holding arms outstretched)
which tremors are worsened by emotional or physical stress or caffeine?
physiologic tremors
physiological tremor amp and freq?
low amplitude
high freq
resting tremor amp and freq?
low amp
low freq
physiological tremors are what type?
postural (inc w/ sustained m. tone –> ie holding arms outstreched)
which tremors are worsened by emotional or physical stress or caffeine?
physiologic tremors
substernal discomfort, left sided neck pain, diaphoresis, SOB that can wake a person up at night – concern for?
acute coronary syndrome (ie MI, ischemia, etc)
during acute MI what new heart sound may be heard?
S4
atrial gallop; due to atria contracting and forcing blood into stiff ventricle
associated w/ S4? (4)
- HTN hear disease
- AS
- HOCM
- Acute MI
S3 nL in what pop? (3)
- kids
- young adults
- pregnancy
associated w/ S3? (3)
- Heart failure
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- High output states
nL pop to hear S4?
healthy OLDER adults
sharp pleuritic pain hurts worse w/ inspiration or coughing and dec when pt sits up and leans forward – think?
Acute pericarditis
“ejection type systolic murmurs” - talking about what?
flow of bld across aortic and pulmonic valves
pulsus paradoxus found w/? (5)
- MAIN: Cardiac tamponade
- severe asthma
- COPD
- hypovolemic shock
- occasionally constrictive pericarditis
best imaging for acoustic neuromas?
MRI w/ gadolinium
sharp pleuritic pain hurts worse w/ inspiration or coughing and dec when pt sits up and leans forward – think?
Acute pericarditis
post ictal acidosis treatment?
Should be transient and self resolves w/in 60-90 minutes
cardiac and vascular response to dopamine?
Dopamine is:
- positive inotrope (inc contraction strength)
- vasoconstrictor
best imaging for acoustic neuromas?
MRI w/ gadolinium
high anion gap metabolic acidosis post grand mal seizure - likely cause?
lactic acidosis
post ictal acidosis treatment?
Should be transient and self resolves w/in 60-90 minutes
proptosis is?
bulging of eye
flash pulm edema in MI setting - treat?
furosemide
what indicates an MI pt that would NOT receive beta blockers?
- Bradycardia
- Decompensated CHF (ie flash pulm edema)
if left untreated hypERthyroidism maj effect?
- Bone loss –> osteoporosis, hyperCalcemia, and hypercalciuria
proptosis is?
bulging of eye
fetal hyperthyroidism seen w/ what thyroid disease?
Graves disease
- TSH receptor Ab cross the placenta affecting fetal thyroid
carotid pulse w/ dual upstroke - thinkn?
HOCM
systolic ejection murmur along L sternal border w/ strong apical pulse - think?
HOCM
valsalva inc what murmurs (2)?
HCM
MVP
standing inc what murmurs?
HCM
MVP
Squatting inc what murmurs (3)?
AR
MR
VSD
Squatting dec what murmurs (2)?
HCM
MVP
handgrip –> what?
inc afterload
inc BP
handgrip inc what murmurs? (3)
AR
MR
VSD
What maneuvers inc preload? (2)
- Squatting from standing (inc afterload too)
- Passive leg raise
blunt trauma + pneumomediastinum + persistent pneumothorax + subQ emphysema - think?
Bronchial rupture (usually R)
what maneuvers dec preload (3)?
- valsalva (straining phase)
- Abrupt standing
- Nitro admin
What maneuvers inc afterload? (2)
- Hand grip
- Squatting (from standing; also inc preload)
What maneuvers inc preload? (2)
- Squatting from standing (inc afterload too)
- Passive leg raise
cerebellar gait?
ataxic: staggering, wide based gait
can see swaying side to side and impaired tandem gait
foot drop due to issue w/?
common peroneal nerve
L5 radiculopathy
peroneal neuropathy due to?
compression of the nerve at the lateral aspect of the fibula
peroneal neuropathy associated w/
sensory loss over dorsum of food
vestibular gait?
unsteady fall to one side
vertigo
gait apraxia/frontal gait?
Magnetic (freezing): start and turn hesitation
when do you see gait apraxia?
- frontal lobe issue
- NPH
parkinson gait?
short steps, shuffling
vestibular gait?
unsteady fall to one side
vertigo
Corrected Ca = ?
Corrected Ca = (measured total Ca) + (0.8*[4 g/dL - serum albumin in g/dL])