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Uworld Buzz step2 > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

clozapine gold standard for?

A

treatment-resistent schizophrenia

must have failed at leas 2 trails of other antipsychotics

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2
Q

major risk w/ clozapine?

A

agranulocytosis

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3
Q

HTN treatment options in pregnancy?

A
  • Hydralazine
  • Labetalol
  • Methyldopa
  • Nifedipine

*Most common above, but can use any Beta blockers or Ca blockers

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4
Q

dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers act on?

A

vascular smooth muscle

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5
Q

dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers (5)?

A

“-dipine”

  • Amlodipine
  • Clevidipine
  • Nicardipine
  • Nifedipine
  • Nimodipine
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6
Q

non-dyhydropyridine Ca channel blockers act on?

A

heart

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7
Q

ex of non-dihydropyridine Ca Channel blockers?

A
  • Diltiazem

- Verapamil

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8
Q

Ca channel blockers do what?

A

block voltage dependent Ca channels in heart and smooth m. –> dec m. contractility

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9
Q

what Ca channel blocker used for subarachnoid hemorrhage, and why?

A

Nimodipine, prevents cerebal vasospasm

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10
Q

Dihydropyridines (except nimodipine) used for? (3)

A
  • HTN
  • Angina (inc prinzmetal)
  • Raynaud’s
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11
Q

which Ca blocker used for HTN urgency adn emergency?

A

Clevidipine

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12
Q

What are non-dihydropyridine used for that dihydropyridine CCB aren’t?

A

atrial fib and flutter

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13
Q

non-dihydropyridine CCB used for? (4)

A
  • HTN
  • Angina
  • A fib
  • A flutter

(prevention of nodal arrhythmias - ie SVT)

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14
Q

special toxicity that verapamil has?

A

hyperprolactinemia

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15
Q

non-dihydropyridine toxicity can –>?

A

AV block

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16
Q

CCB toxicity –>?

A
  • peripheral edema
  • flushing
  • dizziness
  • constipation
  • gingival hyperplasia
  • verapamil –> hyperprolactinemia
  • non-D CCB –> AV block
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17
Q

meds that can cause drug induced lupus?

A
  • Quinidine
  • Procainamide
  • Isoniazid
  • Minocycline
  • Hydralazine
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18
Q

Hydralazine is contraindicated when?

A

angina/CAD

b/c of compensatory tachycardia

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19
Q

hydralazine mainly dilates what and causes what?

A

vasodilates arterioles –> afterload reduction

smooth m. relaxor

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20
Q

wolff parkinson white syndrome, after advising agains phys activity what med for arrhythmias?

A

procainamide

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21
Q

sinus brady, what med use to inc heart rate?

A

atropine

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22
Q

definitive treatment of sinus brady?

A

pacemaker

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23
Q

AChE inhibitor toxicity antidote?

A

atropine +/- pralidoxime (must be shot time for it to be useful)

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24
Q

organophosphates toxicity antidote?

A

atropine +/- pralidoxime (must be shot time for it to be useful)

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25
amphetamines toxicity antidote?
NH4Cl (to acidify the urine)
26
Antimuscarinic or anticholinergic agent toxicity (ie atropine) antidote?
Physostigmine & control hyperthermia
27
Benxodiazepines toxicity antidote?
Flumazenil
28
B-blocker toxicity antidote?
Glucagon
29
CO toxicity antidote?
100% O2, hyperbaric O2
30
Copper toxicity antidote?
Penicillamine
31
Arsenic toxicity antidote?
Penicillamine
32
Gold toxicity antidote?
Penicillamine
33
Penicillamine treats what toxicities? (3)
- Copper - Arsenic - Gold
34
Cyanide toxicity antidote?
Option 1) Nitrate + thiosulfate Option 2) Hydroxocobalamine
35
Digtalis (digoxin) toxicity antidote?
Anti-dig Fab fragments (monoclonal Ab)
36
Heparin toxicity antidote?
Protamine sulfate | bind heparin --> inactive complex
37
Iron toxicity antidote?
- deFeroxamine | - deFerasirox
38
Lead toxicity antidote?
- mild (5-44): no treatment, test level in =70): Dimercaprol (BAL) + Ca disodium edetate (EDTA) (venous lead level)
39
Mercury toxicity antidote?
- Dimercaprol (BAL) | - Succimer
40
Methanol or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) treatment?
- Fomepizole (if unavailable can do ethanol) | - dialysis
41
Methemoglobin toxicity antidote?
- Methylene blue | - Vit C
42
Opiod toxicity antidote?
- Naloxone | - naltrexone
43
Salicylate toxicity antidote?
``` Sodium Bicarb (to alkalinize urine) - dialysis ```
44
TCAs toxicity antidote?
Sodium Bicarb (to alkalinize plasma)
45
tPA, stretokinase, urokinase toxicity antidote?
Aminocaproic acid
46
Warfarin toxicity antidote?
immediately: Fresh Frozen Plasma | - Vit K (delayed effect)
47
drug of choice in dx and abolishing supraventricular tachycardias (ie atrial/AV nodal based tachy cardias --> tachy + p wave anomalies w/ normal QRS)?
Adenosine
48
Torsades de points treat?
- Mg - if unstable cardiovert - correct hypokalemia or withdraw offending drugs
49
what gets immediate electrical defibrillation?
Ventricular Fibrillation
50
V tach treatment?
- unstable: cardiovert | - give antiarrhythmics (ie amiodarone, lidocaine, procainamide)
51
acetazolamide is a ?
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
52
loop diuretics?
- furosemide - ethacrynic acid (non-sulfa) - bumetanide - torsemide
53
side fx of loop diuretics?
"OHHH DANG" - Ototoxicity - HypoKalemia - HypoCalcemia - HypoMagnesemia - Dehydration - Allergy (sulfa) - Nephritis (interstitial) - Gout
54
Thiazide side fx?
- HypOkalemc metabolic alkalosis - HypONatremia - Sulfa allergy "HyperGLUC" - hyperGlycemia - hyperLipidemia - hyperUricemia - hyperCalcemia
55
which diuretic looses Ca?
Loop diurects "loops loose Ca" [thiazides actually dec Ca excretion and can cause hyperCalcemia]
56
K sparing diuretics?
Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists: - Spironolactone - Eplerenone Block Na channels in collecting tubules: - Triamterene - Amiloride
57
what kind of meabolic derangement from acetazolamide?
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
58
side fx of ACE inhib?
CATCHH - Cough - Angioedema - Teratogen - Creatinine (inc) - HyperKalemia - Hypotension
59
ACE-inhibitor contraindicated for what congenital disease?
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
60
direct renin inhibitor?
Aliskiren
61
ARBs?
"-sartan" - Losartan - Candesartan - Valsartan
62
digoxin use? (2)
- HF (inc contractility) | - A fib (dec conduction at AV node and depression of SA node)
63
digoxin toxicity?
- n/v/d - blurry yellow vision - AV block, arrhythmias - HyperKalemia
64
don't use digoxin with what other 3 drugs as it wil dec digoxin clearance?
- verapamil - amiodarone - quinidine
65
Potassium channel blockers?
- Amiodarone - Ibutilide - Dofetilide - Sotalol
66
Ventricular tachy can use what med?
- amiodarone | - sotalol
67
Amiodarone side fx?
- pulm fibrosis - hepatotoxicity - hypO/ERthyroid - corneal deposits - Blue/gray skin deposits - neuro effects - cardio effects (brady, heart block, HF)
68
Check what when using amiodarone?
PFTs LFTs Thyroid function CXR
69
Which potassium channel blocker will not cause torsades?
amiodarone
70
chronic diarrhea w/ weight loss, anemia, elevated ESR, thrombocytosis, and positive stool occult for bld - waht type of diarrhea?
inflammatory diarrhea
71
lactose intolerance results in what type of diarrhea?
osmotic

Uworld Buzz step2 (11 decks)

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