random vocab Flashcards
Symbiosis
interaction between 2 species
Mutualism
type of symbiosis were both spices benefit
Commensalism
type of symbiosis were no one benifits and no one is hurt
Parasitism
Type of symbiosis where one spices benefits by harming another
Organization of Life
Hierarchy at levels of increasing complexity
- cellular
- organismal (systems)
- populational (why we live where we do)
8 levels of classification (taxonomy)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Eukaryotic
Contains nucleus (protista, plantae, fungi, amimalia)
Prokaryotic
No nucleus (archaea, bacteria)
Six Kingdoms of Life (and their domains)
- Archaea (archaea)
- Bacteria (bacteria)
- Protista (eukarya)
- Fungi (eukarya)
- Plantae (eukarya)
- Animalia (eukarya)
5 properties of life
All living things share these characteristics
1. cellular organisation
2. metabolism (make energy conversations to run metabolic processes)
3. homeostasis (maintaining a balance)
4. growth and reproduction
5. heredity
Theory
- in science represents certainty and a unifying explanation for a brood range of observations
- They are provisional and can be revised/changed/added more detail to based on future data
(to the general public, term implies a lack of certainty)
inductive reasoning
discovering general principals from specific observations (how scientists think)
Empirical Data
Data collected from experiments/observation
Modeling Data
Expansion of empirical data into hypothetical situations (ex. modeling global rise in temp)
visual rep.
Quantitative Data
Numbers (ex. PH of 7, shes 6 ft 3 in)
Qualitative Data
Approximates/observations (ex. low humidity today, PH is acidic)
Correlation vs. Causation
Correlation (r) how close variable are to each other
Correlation is not necessarily causation (deaths by drowning and Nic Cage)
P-value
-Tests the PROBABILITY that what is being observed is due to chance
(where results fall on bell curve)
Homologous Features
Found in related organisms where the function may differ but the pattern is the same
ex. mammal arm bones
Molecular studies
analyzing DNA structure to find relations
- making plant family tree
- relatively new field
Analogous structures
- similar structures in unrelated organisms
- also called convergent structures
Mutations
- variations/changes in gene sequence
- genotype = phenotype … usually
- pass acquired characteristics you inherit trait
Deletion v Inversion mutation
Deletion - part of a chromosome is deleted
Inversion - part of code flipped when crossing over and now cant be read (it backwards or upside down)
Migration (relates to genes)
Gene flow between populations - the transfer of genetic information between one population and another (allele transfer)
- the smaller and more isolated a population is the greater the change
Genetic drift
change in allele frequency due to random events (population spin off, death)
- the smaller the new/surviving population the greater the change
Founder effect
When a population breaks off/ is isolated, they only can work with the gene that are present in the founding population
- why Pennsylvanian amish have extra fingers/toes
Bottle Neck effect
when a small surviving population need to rebuild after a disaster (can reduce genetic variation by a lot)
Rate of Evolution
- gradualism (evolution in an accumulation of gradual change)
- punctuated equilibrium (for long periods of time things stay the same they big changes mess everything up)
