Random Shit! Flashcards
Breast Cancer : Principal site of metastasis
bone, lung, liver, brain
- mostly Bone
Lung adenocarcinoma: Principal site of metastasis
brain, bone, adrenal gland, liver
Skin Melanoma: Principal site of metastasis
Lung, Brain, Skin, Liver
Colorectal Cancer:Principal site of metastasis
Liver and Lung
- metastasize to local lymph node then to liver
Pancreatic Cancer: Principal site of metastasis
Liver and Lung
Prostate Cancer Principal site of metastasis
Bone
Sarcoma :Principal site of metastasis
Lung
Vinyl Chloride can cause:
liver angiosarcoma
Benzene can cause:
acute leukemia
Arsenic can cause:
skin carcinoma, bladder cancer
asbestos can cause:
mesothelioma
Radium can cause:
osterosarcoma
Tumor Initiator:
Can sow the seeds of cancer, 1 exposure does not cause cancer.
Tumor promoter:
can cause cancer if tissue is previous exposed to tumor initiator
BRAF mutation –> what common cancer? :
Melanoma
- intracellular signaling
HER mutation –> what common cancer? :
Breast Cancer
MYC mutation –> what common cancer? :
Many Cancers
- TF
RAS mutation –> what common cancer? :
Colorectal
VEGF mutation –> what common cancer? :
Mesastatic Colorectal
WT1mutation –> what common cancer? :
Wilm’s tumor (nephroblastoma)
- TF
NF1: mutation –> what common cancer? :
Schwannomas
- Schwann Cells tumor
- GTPas
p16mutation –> what common cancer? :
mesothelioma/ melanoma
- CDKI
Lifraumeni Syndrome:
- 45 yo female
- breast carcinoma twice
- sarcoma in calf muscle
- adrenal carcinoma
p53
Cowden’s Syndrome:
- 30 yo women
- strong history of breast cancer
- exam skin
PTEN
GIST : Gastrointestinal tumor
- 60 yo
- decrease appetite
- tumor in mesentary
c-Kit
Lung Cancer:
- EGFR : active PI3K/AKT
- more active in asian, mutation in 5% of smokers, 15% non-smokers, 50% never smoke
- used Erlotinib (Tarceva) (pill better than IV)
- Chest xray shows pleural effusion and mass in right lung
- adenocarcinoma tend to be small and peripheral
- pills can produce better effects than drugs
EML4-ALK mutation in lung cancer
5% of lung cancer - usually adenocarcinoma - asian, female, nonsmokers Crizotinib (Xalkori) 57% response / 72% free in 6 mo.
Head and Neck Cancer
58 yo male w/ R mass neck. tonsil mass
- squamous cell carcinoma
- EGFR
- use cetuximab (erbitux)
4 grades of gliomas
Glioblastoma:
72 yo male
- headache, left leg weakness
- necrotic mass in right brain
- gliomas are most common brain neoplasm
- Grade 1-2: benign
- Grade 3-4: malignant
Grade 4: glioblastoma - VEGF Inhibitors: Bevacizumab
Renal cell Carcinoma:
66 yo AAM
- iron deficiency anemia
- gross hematuria, mass in kidney
VEGF TKI: Sunitinib
Which cancer had its mortality cut in half with inhibition of its pathway?
CML
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: 54 yo CC: fatigue - enlarged spleen WBC: 56,000 t(9,22)
BCR-ABL inhibitor
Breast Cancer:
67 yo female
breast cancer to bone
EGFR with + estrogen
- Tamoxifen
- then can add mTOR
Breast Cancer: Her2/NEU +
Herceptin
Prostate Cancer
78 yo farmer
bone pain
PSA 223
Androgen Receptor Blockade:
Enzalutamide (Zytiga)
Melanoma:
26 yo surfer
BRAF V600E/K
Vemurafenib (Zelboraf)
Basal Cell carcinoma
- 79 yo homeless man
- large tumor anterior to left ear
Hedgehog system
- Vismodegib (Erivedge)
t(14,18)
follicular lymphoma
- BCL2 fusion to IgH locus of chromosome 14
- 60 yo: no tx
4 stages of tumor invasion
1) detachment: E-cadherin
2) degradation of basement membrane: MMP9
3) attachment: laminin fibronectin receptors
4) migration : autocrine factors
Tumor Embolus:
tumor cells invade veins, then to R heart and lungs
Organ Tropism:
CXC4 / CCR7
