random questions about everything cause who knows what he will throw on this next test. mainly module 2 Flashcards
what is an alpha motor neuron?
efferent neuron - spinal cord to muscle
initiates muscle healing
what is an efferent nerve?
going away from spinal cord
what is an afferent nerve?
going towards the spinal cord
what is a mechanoreceptor?
responds to distortion
what do extrafusal fibers do?
they create tension by contracting
what is a closed pack position?
2 joint surfaces fitting together tightly
what are some factors that affect ROM?
intrinsic factors: inside body or joint: shape, permeability
extrinsic: external factors: work, environment, activities
immobility: stiffness, loss of bone density, lack of lubrication, muscle weakness, deter
benefits of ROM:
new nutrients
stronger muscles
how to measure range of motion?
estimation
goniometer
functional activity
linear
what is isotonic ?
muscle contraction and change of length but not resistance
what is isometric?
contraction but not lengthening
what is isokinetic?
same movement but using a machine
what is autogenic inhibition?
stretching the same muscle you are trying to elongate
what is reciprocal inhibition?
puts tension on a certain muscle that will result in stretching of antagonistic muscle ex) tension on biceps = stretching out triceps
what do muscle spindles respond too?
change in length and velocity … afferent nerve (back to spinal cord)
What GTO’s respond too?
efferent nerve… respond to muscle tension
what is PNF
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (autogenic and reciprocal inhibition)
TRUE OR FALSE: the bigger the cross sectional area the stronger the contraction
true
why do you not use ballistic stretching for pediatrics?
hyperextension can occur
how long do you hold a stretch for geriatrics? and what type of stretch do you use?
60 seconds and static
what does AG stand for?
against gravity
what is osteokinematics ?
movement of whole bone from rolling or sliding movements among the joint
why is immobilization important?
necessary to allow initial stages of fracture healing
is GTO the reason autogenic inhibition works?
yes
where are GTO’s found?
musculotendinus junction
what is the TUG test and what is used for?
timed up and go
used to track progress with speed and endurance
what can we sew?
universal cuffs slings adapting clothing abdominal binders for hernias garments
is static stretching an example of reciprocal inhibition?
no, it is autogenic
ballistic/ dynamic stretching is an example of reciprocal inhibition TRUE OR FALSE
true
what does VAS stand for?
visual analog scale “pain test”
what is motor learning?
changes in motor performance and control as a result of training
what does muscle performance measure?
strength, power endurance
define type 1 muscle fibers (red)
slow twitch, sustain low level of tension over time
ex) endurance running
define type 2 muscle fibers (white)
fast twitch, generate tension quickly and fatigue quickly
ex) sprinting, resistance training , short term work
define fast glycotic
large and white
fast contraction
fatigue quickly
what is torque?
rotational work
what is work?
force x distance
what is power?
rate at which muscles work
work/time
what is strength?
maximum voluntary force produced
true or false : the more fine the skill is the LESS fibers the motor neuron innervates
true
what is open chain resistance training (OKC) and think of some exercises that demonstrate it
terminal segment is free to move
ex) jumping jacks , skipping rope, swimming , bicep curl
what is closed chain resistance training (CKC) and some examples of exercises
part of the body that you want to exercise is fixed
ex) push ups, squats
skeletal muscle is surrounded by?
epimysium
what is proprioception?
being able to know where your body part is in space without having to see it
what is the most efficient determinant of tissue healing?
BLOOD SUPPLY
all fibers in a motor unit contract and develop at the same time. TRUE OR FALSE
true
gross motor skills = cell terminates more muscle fibers but is using less units
:)
fine motor skills = cell terminates less muscles fibers but uses more units
:)
what are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
what are the 4 physical agents
cryotherapy
thermotherapy
hydrotherapy
sound agents
the finer the movement the more units required …. true or false and why
true , because the alpha motor neuron is terminating less muscle fibers
the larger the movement the less units required … true or false and why
true, because the alpha motor neuron is terminating a lot more muscle fibers
what is the normal ROM for shoulder flexion
165 degrees
what is the normal ROM for elbow flexion
140 degrees
what is normal ROM for hip flexion
120 degrees
what is normal ROM for knee flexion
145 degrees
fascicles are surrounded by what?
perimysium
muscle fibers are surrounded by what?
endomysium
do scars have sweat glands?
no
what is the order of structure of a muscle
muscle belly fascicles muscle fibers myofibrils myofilaments (actin and myosin)
3 phases of plyometrics
eccentric phase- stretching or elongating
amortization phase- time between eccentric and concentric phase
concentric phase- shortening of muscle
what is DOM?
delayed onset muscle soreness
what disabilities would need adaptations to use the toilet?
wheelchair, neurological, hip replacement, LE injury, amputations
what kind of adaptations would be needed to use the toilet?
grab bar, raised toilet seat, commode(toilet on wheels), versaframes (extra support)
what are some benefits of RTS?
easier to get up from
can create level of transfer for someone in a wheelchair
can be temporary
what are grab bars used for?
for ease of standing
safety
continued independence
whats the difference between a bath chair and bath bench? and when would you use one over the other
bath bench extends over the side
bath chair just sits in the tub
and you use the bath bench to get in and out
what can a hand held shower be enhanced by?
having a hook on the wall beside you to hang it while you wash your hair
why use a zero entry shower
for people who use a commode
allows room for two people (easy safe transfer)
fewer balance issues (not having to step with one leg)
what are some aids for the bathroom?
bath mitt, soap and washcloth in one long handled sponge silicone foot scrubber soap on a roap terry bathroom to dry off microfiber towels hair turbans
whats the most important thing to all aspects of a bathroom?
SAFETY
and must be functional
peripheral nerve is made up of what?
sensory and motor neurons
motor unit is what?
number of muscle fibers innervated by 1 motor neuron
more motor units in a muscle = more precise movements TRUE OR FALSE
true
myofibrils consist of what
sarcomere units
