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120 > random questions about everything cause who knows what he will throw on this next test. mainly module 2 > Flashcards

random questions about everything cause who knows what he will throw on this next test. mainly module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an alpha motor neuron?

A

efferent neuron - spinal cord to muscle

initiates muscle healing

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2
Q

what is an efferent nerve?

A

going away from spinal cord

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3
Q

what is an afferent nerve?

A

going towards the spinal cord

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4
Q

what is a mechanoreceptor?

A

responds to distortion

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5
Q

what do extrafusal fibers do?

A

they create tension by contracting

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6
Q

what is a closed pack position?

A

2 joint surfaces fitting together tightly

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7
Q

what are some factors that affect ROM?

A

intrinsic factors: inside body or joint: shape, permeability

extrinsic: external factors: work, environment, activities
immobility: stiffness, loss of bone density, lack of lubrication, muscle weakness, deter

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8
Q

benefits of ROM:

A

new nutrients

stronger muscles

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9
Q

how to measure range of motion?

A

estimation
goniometer
functional activity
linear

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10
Q

what is isotonic ?

A

muscle contraction and change of length but not resistance

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11
Q

what is isometric?

A

contraction but not lengthening

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12
Q

what is isokinetic?

A

same movement but using a machine

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13
Q

what is autogenic inhibition?

A

stretching the same muscle you are trying to elongate

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14
Q

what is reciprocal inhibition?

A

puts tension on a certain muscle that will result in stretching of antagonistic muscle ex) tension on biceps = stretching out triceps

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15
Q

what do muscle spindles respond too?

A

change in length and velocity … afferent nerve (back to spinal cord)

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16
Q

What GTO’s respond too?

A

efferent nerve… respond to muscle tension

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17
Q

what is PNF

A

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (autogenic and reciprocal inhibition)

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the bigger the cross sectional area the stronger the contraction

A

true

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19
Q

why do you not use ballistic stretching for pediatrics?

A

hyperextension can occur

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20
Q

how long do you hold a stretch for geriatrics? and what type of stretch do you use?

A

60 seconds and static

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21
Q

what does AG stand for?

A

against gravity

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22
Q

what is osteokinematics ?

A

movement of whole bone from rolling or sliding movements among the joint

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23
Q

why is immobilization important?

A

necessary to allow initial stages of fracture healing

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24
Q

is GTO the reason autogenic inhibition works?

A

yes

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25
Q

where are GTO’s found?

A

musculotendinus junction

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26
Q

what is the TUG test and what is used for?

A

timed up and go

used to track progress with speed and endurance

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27
Q

what can we sew?

A 
universal cuffs
slings
adapting clothing 
abdominal binders for hernias 
garments
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28
Q

is static stretching an example of reciprocal inhibition?

A

no, it is autogenic

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29
Q

ballistic/ dynamic stretching is an example of reciprocal inhibition TRUE OR FALSE

A

true

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30
Q

what does VAS stand for?

A

visual analog scale “pain test”

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31
Q

what is motor learning?

A

changes in motor performance and control as a result of training

32
Q

what does muscle performance measure?

A

strength, power endurance

33
Q

define type 1 muscle fibers (red)

A

slow twitch, sustain low level of tension over time

ex) endurance running

34
Q

define type 2 muscle fibers (white)

A

fast twitch, generate tension quickly and fatigue quickly

ex) sprinting, resistance training , short term work

35
Q

define fast glycotic

A

large and white
fast contraction
fatigue quickly

36
Q

what is torque?

A

rotational work

37
Q

what is work?

A

force x distance

38
Q

what is power?

A

rate at which muscles work

work/time

39
Q

what is strength?

A

maximum voluntary force produced

40
Q

true or false : the more fine the skill is the LESS fibers the motor neuron innervates

A

true

41
Q

what is open chain resistance training (OKC) and think of some exercises that demonstrate it

A

terminal segment is free to move

ex) jumping jacks , skipping rope, swimming , bicep curl

42
Q

what is closed chain resistance training (CKC) and some examples of exercises

A

part of the body that you want to exercise is fixed

ex) push ups, squats

43
Q

skeletal muscle is surrounded by?

A

epimysium

44
Q

what is proprioception?

A

being able to know where your body part is in space without having to see it

45
Q

what is the most efficient determinant of tissue healing?

A

BLOOD SUPPLY

46
Q

all fibers in a motor unit contract and develop at the same time. TRUE OR FALSE

A

true

47
Q

gross motor skills = cell terminates more muscle fibers but is using less units

A

:)

48
Q

fine motor skills = cell terminates less muscles fibers but uses more units

A

:)

49
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

50
Q

what are the 4 physical agents

A

cryotherapy
thermotherapy
hydrotherapy
sound agents

51
Q

the finer the movement the more units required …. true or false and why

A

true , because the alpha motor neuron is terminating less muscle fibers

52
Q

the larger the movement the less units required … true or false and why

A

true, because the alpha motor neuron is terminating a lot more muscle fibers

53
Q

what is the normal ROM for shoulder flexion

A

165 degrees

54
Q

what is the normal ROM for elbow flexion

A

140 degrees

55
Q

what is normal ROM for hip flexion

A

120 degrees

56
Q

what is normal ROM for knee flexion

A

145 degrees

57
Q

fascicles are surrounded by what?

A

perimysium

58
Q

muscle fibers are surrounded by what?

A

endomysium

59
Q

do scars have sweat glands?

A

no

60
Q

what is the order of structure of a muscle

A 
muscle belly
fascicles 
muscle fibers
myofibrils 
myofilaments (actin and myosin)
61
Q

3 phases of plyometrics

A

eccentric phase- stretching or elongating
amortization phase- time between eccentric and concentric phase
concentric phase- shortening of muscle

62
Q

what is DOM?

A

delayed onset muscle soreness

63
Q

what disabilities would need adaptations to use the toilet?

A

wheelchair, neurological, hip replacement, LE injury, amputations

64
Q

what kind of adaptations would be needed to use the toilet?

A

grab bar, raised toilet seat, commode(toilet on wheels), versaframes (extra support)

65
Q

what are some benefits of RTS?

A

easier to get up from
can create level of transfer for someone in a wheelchair
can be temporary

66
Q

what are grab bars used for?

A

for ease of standing
safety
continued independence

67
Q

whats the difference between a bath chair and bath bench? and when would you use one over the other

A

bath bench extends over the side
bath chair just sits in the tub
and you use the bath bench to get in and out

68
Q

what can a hand held shower be enhanced by?

A

having a hook on the wall beside you to hang it while you wash your hair

69
Q

why use a zero entry shower

A

for people who use a commode
allows room for two people (easy safe transfer)
fewer balance issues (not having to step with one leg)

70
Q

what are some aids for the bathroom?

A 
bath mitt, soap and washcloth in one
long handled sponge
silicone foot scrubber
soap on a roap
terry bathroom to dry off 
microfiber towels
hair turbans
71
Q

whats the most important thing to all aspects of a bathroom?

A

SAFETY

and must be functional

72
Q

peripheral nerve is made up of what?

A

sensory and motor neurons

73
Q

motor unit is what?

A

number of muscle fibers innervated by 1 motor neuron

74
Q

more motor units in a muscle = more precise movements TRUE OR FALSE

A

true

75
Q

myofibrils consist of what

A

sarcomere units

120 (5 decks)

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