Random Questions Flashcards
What is polyphagia
Excessive hunger
What is compartment syndrome
Damage to the nerves and vasculature of an extremity due to compression
What are the three stages of respiration
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration
What are the signs of imminent delivery
Contractions
Possible bowel movement
Crowning occurs
Urge to push
At what age does two person CPR become 30-2
> 8
What is polyuria
Excessive urination
What is Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
What is polyphagia
Excessive hunger
The breastbone is called what?
Sternum
Where are the phalanges located
The hand
Which quadrant is the spleen located
Left upper quadrant
How many bones are in the human body
206
In COPD patients what spo2 level is oxygen indicated.
92
Supraglottic means
Above the glottis
The tidal volume for ventilations at rest is
500ml
An oxygen alert card is designed to inform the EMT of the
percentage oxygen to administer to a specific patient
The largest blood vessel in the body is the:
Aorta
Where is the maxillae located
The face
In a healthy patient, an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood will?
Stimulate the patient to breath more
What is an endemic
An endemic is a disease or condition regularly found and present within a specific geographic area or population.
What is a epidemic
An epidemic refers to the widespread occurrence of a disease in a specific community or region, surpassing what is typically expected.
What is the name of the thigh bone
Femur
Where is the correct point for checking an infants pulse
Brachial
How many lumbar vertebrae are in the spinal column
5
What does medial mean
Towards the midline
How many types of muscles are there
3
Nitroglycerin will cause which of the following?
Vasoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Vasodilation
How many lobes do both lungs have
5
What does dorsal mean
Back
The transfer of heat when heat waves, or rays, are dispersed from an object is called
Radiation
The lateral malleolus is located near the
Foot
What does Abduction mean
To motion away from the trunk of the body
Where is the Carina located
The chest
How is the prone position defined?
Lying face down
Where is the liver for the most part situated?
Right upper quadrant
What is the term for the inner channel of a blood vessel?
Lumen
How many ribs are directly connected to the sternum
10
In which part of the body is the calcaneus bone located?
Foot
What does a Sphygmomanometer measure?
Pressure
What is the largest bone in the human body?
Femur
How many chambers are in the heart
4
What is the name of the fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bones and tendons?
Bursa
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance?
Cerebellum
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
Produces insulin and digestive enzymes
What is the scientific name for the collarbone?
Clavicle
What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?
Stores and releases bile to aid in fat digestion
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Filtration of blood and urine production
What is the largest organ in the human body
The skin
Which bone forms the forehead and the upper eye sockets?
Frontal bone
What is the name of the muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity and aids in breathing?
Diaphragm
Which gland regulates metabolism and energy levels in the body?
Thyroid gland
What is the function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
Where are the smallest bones in the human body located?
Inner ear (Stapes, Incus, Malleus)
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?
Fights infection and maintains fluid balance
Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
Coronary artery
What is the structure that connects muscle to bone?
Tendon
What is the primary function of the cerebrum in the brain?
Controls conscious thoughts, senses, and voluntary movements
Which joint allows for movement in all directions, including rotation?
Ball and socket joint (e.g., shoulder and hip joints)
What is the medical term for the voice box?
Larynx
Define emphysema
Long term progressive illness that causes shortness of breath
Define pulmonary odeoma
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Define acute pneumonia
Lungs are severely inflamed due to seizures
When performing resuscitation on an infant patient; what would the compressions to ventilations ratio be for one person CPR in this situation?
30.2
What is the EMT taking into consideration when examining the appearance of a newborn?
Normal tone
On examination of an adult patient; you find their breathing to be at a rate of 8 breaths per minute, what should you consider in relation to the treatment of this patient?
The patient requires assisted ventilation
When doing a cardiac assessment of a patient; you are performing a 3/4 lead ECG; What does PQRST represent?
A heartbeat
A neonate is in respiratory distress. There has been no positive response to 5 x PPV’s. On assessment of heartrate, it is found to be 50 beats per minute. Your next step should be;
CPR
You are treating a patient with agonal respirations. How would you administer Oxygen to this patient?
Bag valve mask
How long should it take, after arrival on scene, to complete the primary survey?
1 minute
When delivering Positive Pressure Ventilations to a paediatric patient, how many ventilations per minute should you aim to deliver?
12-20
When delivering Positive Pressure Ventilations to a paediatric patient, how many ventilations per minute should you aim to deliver?
12-20
What can cause neurogenic shock
Spinal injury
An item that has been in contact with blood and consequentially may be open to carrying an infection is called…….
A formite
What do you call a microorganism in the body that has the potential to cause an infection?
Pathogen
What name is given to a disease that can occur at a predictable rate and may always be present in a population?
Endemic
An item that has become infected with a blood borne disease is considered a…
Biological hazard
Following a submersion incident; patients should be treated in what position?
Recumbent
In what situation would you remove an object from an open wound?
Something adhering to the surface of a wound
A female patient has given birth and is losing a lot of blood. How do you proceed in your treatment of this patient?
Apply a sterile dressing to the perinium
Your patient is ready to give birth, a normal delivery is expected. What do you do ?
Encourage her to breath
You have attended a pregnant patient and observed the birth. After the baby is born, you have dried and stimulated the baby; what do you do next?
Check heart rate with a sp02 monitor
Where in the body would you expect to find short bones?
The wrist
Acute Myocardial Infarction occurs from;
Occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries
Who is responsible for filling out recognition of death/cease resuscitation on the PCR?
General practitioner
What is the minimum time that should be spent measuring an irregular pulse?
60 seconds
A CD cylinder contains how many litres of oxygen?
460
A vein can be described as being a
A thin walled vessel bringing blood to the heart
According to the Primary Survey Trauma - Adult CPG, what is the maximum time that should be spent on scene with a patient for life-threatening trauma?
10 minutes
An incomplete patient care report (PCR) indicates to the reviewer which of the following?
Inadequate patient care was administered
Blood is pumped into the aorta, and around the body, from which chamber of the heart?
Left ventricle
For a patient in respiratory distress, drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is described as which of the following?
Accessory muscle use
How many lobes are in both lungs combined?
5
How many lobes is the left lung divided into?
2
In an adult patient with a foreign body airway obstruction, positive pressure ventilations should be provided to a maximum of _______ per minute
10
In an adult patient, a normal body temperature should be around which of the following temperatures?
37
In an oxygen delivery system, what is the regulator responsible for?
a.
Reducing high pressure within the cylinder to a lower pressure to enable delivery to the patient
In early stages of inhalation the pressure in the lungs is
Decreased
The accuracy of an SpO2 meter can be affected by which of the following?
Strong ambient light
The amount of air left in the lungs after a forceful exhalation is called which of the following?
Residual volume
The average healthy male has a tidal volume of __________ mL in each breath
500
The bone on the ankle side of the lower leg is called what?
Fibula
The bone on the thumb side of the lower arm is called what?
Radius
The breathing cycle of an adult is normally
inhalation, exhalation and pause
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during
Inhalation
The hip is _______ to the knee
Proximal
The inside of the thigh is _______ to the outside of the thigh
Medial
The nature of the problem / injury as determined by the practitioner is called the
Clinical impression
The neck is _______ to the pelvis
Superior
The normal breathing rate for a child of 4-6 years is
16-24
The PHECC Care Principles suggests that the goal of pain management is to _______.
reduce pain to a tolerable level
The pulse can be felt where?
an artery passes close to the skin and over a bone
What is the maximum number of attempts an EMT should do when inserting an advanced airway
2
When an advanced airway has been placed during an adult cardiac arrest, you should ventilate at a rate of ________ breaths per minute
8-10
When delivering oxygen through a nasal cannula at 4 litres per minute the percentage of oxygen delivered is
36%
When following the care principles recommendations on providing appropriate pain relief the goal is to _______
reduce pain to a tolerable level
When inserting an oropharyngeal airway, the OPA should be measured from the angle of the jaw to which of the following?
Centre of the mouth
When providing positive pressure ventilations with a BVM to an adult patient, ventilations should be delivered at what maximum rate per minute?
10
When treating a patient with respiratory difficulties you have administered O2. You perform a respiratory assessment, and find that an audible wheeze is present. What should you do next?
Administer salbutamol
When ventilating a patient using a BVM, the best way to determine adequacy is by which of the following?
Observing chest rise
Where does an EMT record information relating to an OHCAR event?
PCR
Where does external respiration occur?
Alveoli
Where does the process of internal respiration occur?
Tissues
Which answer describes the “Anatomical Position”?
Standing erect, facing observer, arms at side, palms facing forward
Duty of Care begins when the Practitioner
Begins treatment on a patient
An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by doing which of the following?
a.
Wheezing
b.
Grunting
c.
Retracting the intercostal muscles
d.
Assuming a tripod position
Grunting
Febrile seizures in a child are _______
Not considered epileptic
In order to maintain the optimal positioning for the airway of an unresponsive child, you should consider which of the following?
a.
Place a towel under their shoulders
b.
Put padding behind their head
c.
Secure their head
d.
Performing a trauma jaw thrust
Place a towel under their shoulders
The analogue pain scale is used in paediatric patients aged _______
> 8
It is recommended that when dealing with a patient with decompression illness they must be carried out at an altitude of < 1000 ft. above the incident site or in an aircraft pressurised equivalent to sea level. Why is this relevant?
Because air changes may be harmful to the patient
The paediatric assessment triangle is conducted at which of the following stages of assessment?
Before the AbC assessment
The sweet or fruity odour from the breath of a diabetic patient is caused by _______ in the blood
Ketones
The tricuspid valve allows blood to travel between which of the following options?
Right atrium and Right ventricle
The Wong-Baker scale for assessing paediatric pain is useful in children of what age group?
5,6 and 7 yrs
What part of an ECG rhythm represents repolarisation of the ventricles?
T wave
What pulse location when palpated indicates a SBP of 80mmHg or greater?
Radial
When assessing a patient’s skin which of the following parameters are checked?
Colour, temperature and condition
When assessing arm movement of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should do which of the following?
Ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment
When dealing with a query Hypothermic patient, how long should you carry out the pulse check for?
30-45 seconds
When deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, which of the following valves does it pass through to go to the lungs?
Pulmonary valve
Which of the following compression/ventilation ratios apply when a child is greater than or equal to 12 years old, and you are part of a two-rescuer team?
30:2
Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
Which of the following is the fibrous sac surrounding the heart?
a.
Epicardium
b.
Endocardium
c.
Pericardium
d.
Myocardium
Pericardium
Which of the following is the name for the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
a.
Bicuspid
b.
Aortic
c.
Tricuspid
d.
Pulmonic
Bicuspid
Which of the following options indicates the two main types of stroke (CVA)?
a.
Complete and Partial
b.
Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic
c.
Chemical or Mechanical
d.
Transient and Permanent
Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic
Which of the following would be the correct amount of time to apply digital pressure to a patient’s nose suffering from epistaxis?
a.
20 minutes
b.
15 minutes
c.
5 minutes
d.
10 minutes
15 minutes
You are dealing with a patient who was poisoned and you determine that the substance is most likely an opiate. Which of the following indications would lead you to this decision?
a.
Absent or inadequate ventilations
b.
Perfuse sweating
c.
Temperature of 35.8
d.
Blood glucose level of 3.2 mmol/L
Absent or inadequate ventilation
Burns are classified according to their what?
a.
Location and pain
b.
Total body surface area and location
c.
Degree and location
d.
Depth and total body surface area
Depth and total body surface area
Hypoperfusion can also be called which of the following?
a.
Hypoxaemia.
b.
Cyanosis.
c.
Cellular death.
d.
Shock.
Shock
The electrical pathway through the heart follows which of the following routes?
a.
SA Node – Bundle of his – Left and Right Bundle branches – Perkinje fibres – AV node
b.
SA Node – Perkinje fibres – Bundle of his – AV node – Left and Right Bundle branches
c.
SA Node – AV node – Left and Right Bundle branches – Perkinje fibres – Bundle of his
d.
SA Node – AV node – Bundle of his – Left and Right Bundle branches – Perkinje fibres
SA Node – AV node – Bundle of his – Left and Right Bundle branches – Perkinje fibres
The main pacemaker of the heart is called what?
a.
Bundle of his
b.
Purkinje fibres
c.
Atrioventricular node
d.
Sinoatrial node
Sinoatrial node
The pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood into the arteries is called which of the following?
a.
Resting blood pressure
b.
Regular blood pressure
c.
Systolic blood pressure
d.
Diastolic blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure
What part of the body is affected by a haemothorax?
a.
Brain
b.
Lungs
c.
Liver
d.
Pelvis
Lungs
When providing pain relief an EMT should _______
a.
have patients confirm administration of medications by having them counter sign the PCR
b.
only give pain medications when approved by ALS
c.
take cognisance of immediate and short-term pain management requirements
d.
ensure that multiple medications are not given at the same time
take cognisance of immediate and short-term pain management requirements
Which of the following injuries would result in haemorrhagic shock?
a.
Bleeding nose
b.
Liver laceration
c.
Scalp wound
d.
Contusion
Liver laceration
Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?
a.
Autonomic
b.
Smooth
c.
Skeletal
d.
Cardiac
Skeletal
With reviewing the percentage values for the paediatric rule of nines against the adult values, which of the following is correct?
a.
Head value is proportionately smaller
b.
Arm value is proportionately larger
c.
Thorax value is proportionately larger
d.
Leg value is proportionately smaller
Leg value is proportionately smaller
