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Emt > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What does homeostasis stand for

A

Homeostasis, derived from the Greek expression meaning “staying the same”

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2
Q

How many types of tissues are there?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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3
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissues

A

Provide covering
Membrane lining
Forms glands
Protection
Secretion
Absorption

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4
Q

What is the functions of connective tissue

A

Protects
Support
Binds
Example: Tendons and ligaments

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5
Q

What is the functions of neurons

A

Receive Signals
Transmit Signals

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6
Q

What is the function of muscular tissues

A

Skeletal-Helps move bone and protect it. Attached to bones.

Smooth-Contracts without conscious control. Blood vessels and digestive tract.

Cardiac- Heart Specific. Adapted to continued rhythmic contraction

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7
Q

Define superior

A

Above referred point

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8
Q

What does inferior mean

A

Below referred point

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9
Q

What does lateral mean

A

Away from midline

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10
Q

Define medial

A

Towards midline

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11
Q

What does posterior mean

A

Towards the back/behind

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12
Q

Define anterior

A

Towards the front

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13
Q

Define supine

A

Flat on back

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14
Q

Define prone

A

Face down

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15
Q

Define lateral recumbent (left/right)

A

Lying on side

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16
Q

Define fowlers position

A

60 degrees sitting up legs bent

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17
Q

Define trendelenbergs position

A

Lying flat with head lower than legs

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18
Q

Define abduction

A

Abduction is
movement from the midline, or
to abduct.

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19
Q

Define adduction

A

Adduction is movement toward the midline or to add

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20
Q

Define Flexión

A

Flexion is to bend at a joint, or to
reduce the angle.

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21
Q

Define extension

A

Extension is to straighten at a joint or to increase the angle for example from 90 - 180 degrees

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22
Q

Define medial rotation

A

To turn inward

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23
Q

Define lateral rotation

A

To turn outward

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24
Q

Define supination

A

Is to rotate the forearm so that the palm faces forward

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25
Q

Define pronation

A

Is to rotate the forearm so that the palm faces backward

26
Q

Define proximal

A

Nearer to the point of attachment

27
Q

Define distal

A

Further from the point of attachment

28
Q

Define external

A

Outside

29
Q

Define internal

A

Inside

30
Q

Define mid clavicular

A

Parallel to midline through mid-clavicle, (collar bone)

31
Q

Define mid axillary

A

Vertical line extending through mid-axilla, (armpit)

32
Q

What does the chest( thoracic) cavity consist of

A

Major blood vessels
Oesophagus
Heart
Lungs
Diaphragm.

33
Q

What does the right upper quadrant of the abdomen consist of

A

Liver, right kidney, gallbladder,duodenum,colon and small intestine

34
Q

What does the left upper quadrant of the abdomen consist of

A

Stomach, spleen, left kidney, pancreas, colon and small intestine

35
Q

What does the right lower quadrant consist of

A

Appendix, colon and small intestine

36
Q

What does the left lower quadrant consist of

A

Colon and small intestine

37
Q

What percentage of oxygen is in inspired air

A

20

38
Q

What percentage of nitrogen is in inspired air

A

79

39
Q

What percentage of carbon dioxide is in inspired air

A

0.04%

40
Q

What is the percentage of nitrogen in expired air

A

79%

41
Q

What percentage of oxygen is in expired air

A

16%

42
Q

What percentage of carbon dioxide is in expired air

A

4%

43
Q

Define external respiration

A

Takes place in the lungs
​Process of getting oxygen into the blood

44
Q

Define internal respiration

A

Takes place in the tissues at a cellular level, oxygen is burned with glucose and H2O to create energy in cells

45
Q

Mechanics of breathing: define inspiration

A

The diaphragm flattens, (contracts), and intercostal muscle contract creating a negative pressure in the lungs, creating a vacuum, forcing air into the lungs.

46
Q

Mechanics of breathing: define expiration

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscle relax causing a positive pressure in the lungs, thereby creating expiration, or air to be forced out.

47
Q

Where is the respiratory system control center located

A

Medulla oblongata

48
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do

A

Signal sent by the Vagus nerve/ Glossopharyngeal nerves
● Return signal sent by Phrenic nerves
● Causes the Diaphragm Intercostal muscles to contract and relax

49
Q

What do chemoreceptors do

A

Detect presence of CO2 in the great arteries. High CO2 will stimulate breathing to reduce these levels: i.e. increase O2 levels.

50
Q

What are the structures of the nose

A

Nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
Divided by the septum
Roof formed by the ethmoid bone
Hair to prevent foreign bodies from entering
Mucous to moisten and warm inspired air

51
Q

What are the structures of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngo-pharynx

52
Q

What is the structure of the larynx

A

Continuous with the oro-pharynx
Epiglottis leaf shaped cover the larynx when swallowing

53
Q

What are the structures of the trachea

A

12 cm long, 16 -20 C-shaped cartilage rings
Divides into the left & right main-stem bronchi at the 5th thoracic vertebrae
Made up of involuntary muscles

54
Q

What are the structures of the lungs

A

Large spongy organs
Cone shaped [Apex at the top and base at the bottom of the lungs]
Extends from root of the neck to the diaphragm
Right lung has three lobes
Left lung has two lobes
Carina: The point at which the trachea divides into the main-stem bronchi.
Hilum: Entry point of bronchi to the lungs

55
Q

What is the visceral pleasure

A

firmly attached to the lung, (the skin of the lung structure).

56
Q

What is the parietal pleura

A

Forms the lining of the superior surface of the diaphragm and the inner lining of the chest cavity. Between the two linings it provides a potential space which holds a film of serous fluid, (lubricant to reduce friction).

57
Q

Define the bronchi

A

Lead to each lung
Left narrower and longer
More horizontal, heart lies a little to the left of the midline
Sub divides into bronchioles

58
Q

What are the structures of the bronchioles

A

Finest bronchi
No cartilage
Contain muscle tissue
Fibrous tissue
Elastic tissue
Terminal bronchiole
Single layer of flat epithelial cells
Sub divides into alveolar ducts

59
Q

What do arteries carry

A

Carry 02 rich blood (except for pulmonary artery)
Thick-walled vessels in which blood is pumped away from heart to the body

60
Q

What do veins and venules carry

A

Contain Valves
C02 rich (except for pulmonary vein)
Thin-walled vessels through which blood is returned to the heart

61
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma

A

55%

62
Q

What weight is the heart

A

200- 300 g

Emt (10 decks)

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