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Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classification of activated charcoal

A

Antidotes and Chelators

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2
Q

What are the contraindications of activated charcoal

A

Under 16

Activated Charcoal is poor in binding cyanide, iron salts and some solvents including methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol.

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3
Q

What is the dose of activated charcoal

A

50g PO

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4
Q

What are the side effects of activated charcoal

A

Bezoar/ Constipation/ diarrhoea/ GI disorders/ Black stools. Caution: aspiration may lead to airway obstruction.

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5
Q

What is the classification of adrenaline

A

Sympathetic agonist, Sympathomimetic – Vasoconstrictor.

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6
Q

What are the indications for adrenaline

A

Severe allergic reaction/ adrenaline

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7
Q

What are the contraindications of adrenaline

A

Hypersensitivity to excipients

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8
Q

What are the adult doses for adrenaline

A

500mcg IM ( 0.5ML of 1.1000)

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9
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for less than 6 months

A

10mcg/kg IM

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10
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for 6 months to 6 years

A

150mcg(0.15 ml) IM

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11
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for 6 years to 12 years

A

300mcg( 0.3ml)

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12
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for over 12 years -

A

300mcg (0.3mL if child is prepubital or small) or 500mcg ( 0.5ml)

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13
Q

What are the side effects of adrenaline

A

Palpitations, tachyarrythmias, hypertension, angina like symptoms

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14
Q

What is the classification of aspirin

A

Anti thrombotic

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15
Q

What is the dose of aspirin

A

300 mg tablet

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16
Q

What are the indications for aspirin

A

Cardiac chest pain or suspected myocardial infarction.
Management of unstable angina and non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

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17
Q

What are the contraindications of aspirin

A

Active symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer/ Bleeding disorder (e.g. haemophilia)/ Known severe adverse reaction/ Patients < 16 years old (risk of Reye’s Syndrome).

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18
Q

What are the side effeeffects of aspirin

A

Epigastric pain and discomfort/ Bronchospasm/ Gastrointestinal haemorrhage/ Increased bleeding times/ skin reactions in hypersensitive patients.

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19
Q

What is the classification of chlorphenamine

A

Sedating antihistamine

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20
Q

How does chlorphenamine present

A

10mg in 1ML ampoule
4mg tablet

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21
Q

What are the contraindications of chlorphenamine

A

KSAR, Pre coma states

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22
Q

What are the indications of chlorphenamine

A

Anaphylaxis or allergic reaction

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23
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for mild reactions

A

4mg PO

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24
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for moderate reaction

A

4mg PO or 10mg IM

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25
What is the dose of chlorphenamine for severe anaphylaxis
10mg IM
26
What are the paediatric doses of chlorphenamine for mild
6 - 11 yrs - 2mg PO >12 4mg PO
27
What is the dose of chlorphenamine for moderate reaction in a paediatric
1 M - 6M 0.25/kg 6 months to 6 years- 2.5mg IM 6 - 12 years- 2mg PO or 5mg IM 12 and up - 10mg IM or 4 mg PO
28
What is the dose of chlorphenamine for severe reactions paediatric
1m - 6M 0.25 mg/kg IM 6 months to 6 years - 2.5mg IM 6 y to 12 year 5 mg IM More than 12 10mg IM
29
Side effects of chlorphenamine
Causes drowsiness
30
What is the classification of glucagon
Hypoglycaemia- glycogenolytic hormones
31
What is the presentation of glucagon
1 mg vial powder and solution for reconstitution (1 mL).
32
What is the indications for glucagon
Hypoglycaemia in patients unable to take oral glucose or unable to gain IV access, with a blood glucose level < 4 mmol/L.
33
What are the contraindications of glucagon
< 1 month/ Phaechromocytoma/ Known Severe Adverse Reactions
34
What is the adult dose of glucagon
1mg IM
35
What is the paediatric does of glucagon
≥ 1 month and < 25kg: 500 mcg IM. ≥1monthand≥25kg:1mgIM.
36
What are the side effects of glucagon
Common: Nausea. Uncommon: Vomiting. Rare: may cause Hypotension/ Dizziness/ Headache
37
What is the classification of glucose gel
Nutrients. Sugars: Antihypoglycaemic.
38
What are the indications for glucose gel
Hypoglycaemia BGL less than 4 mmol/L
39
Contraindications of glucose gel
KSAR
40
Adult dose of glucose gel
10 – 20 g buccal (Recheck blood glucose and repeat after 15 min if required).
41
Paediatric dose of glucose gel
New-born neonate 2 - 4 mL if blood glucose ≤ 2.6 mmol/L. Less than 8 years 5 – 10 g buccal (recheck blood glucose and repeat after 15 mins if required). More than 8 years 10 – 20 g buccal (recheck blood glucose and repeat after 15 mins if required).
42
Side effects of glucose gel
May cause vomiting in patients under the age of 5 years if administered too quickly.
43
What dose GTN stand for
Glyceryl trinitrate
44
What is the classification of GTN
Potent coronary vasodilator/ reduces BP/ Dilation of systemic veins.
45
How is GTN administrated
Sublingual
46
What is the indications of GTN
Angina/ suspected myocardial infarction (MI) with systolic BP ≥110 mmHg.
47
What is the contraindications of GTN
SBP < 90 mmHg/ Viagra or other phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (Sildenafil, Tadalafil and Vardenafil) used within previous 24 hours/ Severe mitral stenosis/ Known severe adverse reaction.
48
What is the dose of GTN
400 mcg sublingual. (Repeat at 3-5 min intervals, Max: 1200 mcg).
49
What are the side effects of GTN
Headache/ Transient Hypotension/ Flushing/ Dizziness.
50
What is the classification of ibuprofen
Analgesics: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Pain and Inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders.
51
What is the presentation of ibuprofen
Suspension 100 mg in 5 mL and 200 mg in 5 mL. 200 mg, 400 mg tablets.
52
What are the indications of ibuprofen
Mild to moderate pain
53
What are the contraindications of ibuprofen
Not suitable for children under 3 months (or body weight <5kg)/ Patient with history of asthma exacerbated by Aspirin/ Pregnancy/ Peptic ulcer disease/ Known renal failure/ Known severe liver failure/ Known severe heart failure/ Concurrent NSAID use (e.g. Diclofenac, Naproxen)/ Known severe adverse reaction.
54
What is the adult dose of ibuprofen
400 mg PO (Mild pain). 600 mg PO (Moderate pai
55
What is the paediatric dose of ibuprofen
10 mg/kg PO to a maximum of 400 mg.
56
What are the side effects of ibuprofen
Skin rashes, GI intolerance and bleeding
57
What is the classification of methoxyflurane
Anaesthetics. General: Volatile anaesthetic agent.
58
What are the contraindications of methoxyflurane
<5 years old ALOC due to head injury, drugs or alcohol. Cardiovascular instability Respiratory depression Renal failure or impairment KSAR Malignant hyperthermia
59
What is the dose of methoxyflurane
Adult: 3 mL (INH) (repeat x 1 only PRN). Paediatric: 3 mL (INH) (repeat x 1 only PRN).
60
What are the side effects of methoxyflurane
Amnesia/ Anxiety/ Depression/ Dizziness/ Dysarthria/ Dysgeusia/ Euphoria/ Headache/ Sensory neuropathy/ Somnolence/ Hypotension/ Coughing/ Dry mouth/ Nausea/ Feeling drunk/ Sweating. Uncommon: Tingling or numbness to hands and feet/ Tiredness/ Mouth discomfort.
61
What is the classification of naloxone
Opioid toxicity: Opioid receptor antagonist. The management and reversal of opiate overdose.
62
How does naloxone present
Ampoules 400 mcg/mL (0.4 mg in 1 mL) / Minijet syringe.
63
What are the indications for naloxone
Inadequate respiration and/or ALoC following known or suspected narcotic overdose
64
Dose of naloxone
800 mcg IN (EMT) (repeat x 1 after 3 min PRN)
65
Paediatric dose of naloxone
20 mcg/kg IN (EMT).
66
Side effects of naloxone
Acute reversal of narcotic effect ranging from nausea and vomiting to agitation and seizures
67
What is the classification of entonox
Analgesics – Volatile Liquid Anaesthetics
68
What is the presentation of entonox
Cylinder, coloured blue with white and blue triangles on cylinder shoulders. ED cylinder: White cylinder. Medical gas: 50% Nitrous Oxide & 50% Oxygen. Brand name: Entonox
69
Contraindications of entonox
ALOC Chest injury Pneumothorax Shock Recent scuba dive Decompression sickness Intestinal obstruction Inhalation injury Carbon monoxide poisoning KSAR
70
Side effects of entonox
Disinhibition/ Decreased level of consciousness/ Light headedness.
71
What is a contraindication of oxygen
Bleomycin lung injury
72
Paracetamol classification
Analgesic – Non-opioid.
73
Presentation of paracetamol
Suspension 120 mg in 5 mL or 250 mg in 5 mL. 500 mg tablet.
74
Indications of paracetamol
Adult: Pyrexia/ Temperature > 38.3oC/ Mild or moderate pain. Paediatric: Pyrexia/ Temperature > 38.5oC/ Mild or moderate pain.
75
Contraindications of paracetamol
< 1 month old/ Known severe adverse reaction/ Chronic liver disease
76
Dose of paracetamol adult
1g PO
77
Paediatric dose of paracetamol
15 mg/Kg PO
78
Salbutamol classification
Beta-2 Adrenoceptor agonist selective – short acting.
79
Presentation of salbutamol
Nebule 2.5 mg in 2.5 mL. Nebule 5 mg in 2.5 mL. Aerosol inhaler: Metered dose 100mcg per actuation (Puff).
80
Indications for salbutamol
Bronchospasm/ Exacerbation of COPD/ Respiratory distress following submersion incident.
81
Contraindications of salbutamol
KSAR
82
Dose of salbutamol
5 mg NEB or 100mcg metered aerosol spray (repeat aerosol x 11). Repeat NEB at 5 minute intervals PRN
83
Paediatric dose of salbutamol
< 5 yrs - 2.5 mg NEB or 100 mcg metered aerosol spray (repeat aerosol x 5). > 5 yrs - 5 mg NEB or 100 mcg metered aerosol spray (repeat aerosol x 11). (Repeat NEB at 5 minute intervals PRN).
84
Side effects of salbutamol
Tachycardia/ Tremors/ Tachyarrhythmias/ High doses may cause Hypokalaemia.

Emt (10 decks)

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