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Emt > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classification of activated charcoal

A

Antidotes and Chelators

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2
Q

What are the contraindications of activated charcoal

A

Under 16

Activated Charcoal is poor in binding cyanide, iron salts and some solvents including methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol.

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3
Q

What is the dose of activated charcoal

A

50g PO

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4
Q

What are the side effects of activated charcoal

A

Bezoar/ Constipation/ diarrhoea/ GI disorders/ Black stools. Caution: aspiration may lead to airway obstruction.

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5
Q

What is the classification of adrenaline

A

Sympathetic agonist, Sympathomimetic – Vasoconstrictor.

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6
Q

What are the indications for adrenaline

A

Severe allergic reaction/ adrenaline

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7
Q

What are the contraindications of adrenaline

A

Hypersensitivity to excipients

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8
Q

What are the adult doses for adrenaline

A

500mcg IM ( 0.5ML of 1.1000)

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9
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for less than 6 months

A

10mcg/kg IM

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10
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for 6 months to 6 years

A

150mcg(0.15 ml) IM

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11
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for 6 years to 12 years

A

300mcg( 0.3ml)

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12
Q

What is the dose of adrenaline for over 12 years -

A

300mcg (0.3mL if child is prepubital or small) or 500mcg ( 0.5ml)

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13
Q

What are the side effects of adrenaline

A

Palpitations, tachyarrythmias, hypertension, angina like symptoms

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14
Q

What is the classification of aspirin

A

Anti thrombotic

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15
Q

What is the dose of aspirin

A

300 mg tablet

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16
Q

What are the indications for aspirin

A

Cardiac chest pain or suspected myocardial infarction.
Management of unstable angina and non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

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17
Q

What are the contraindications of aspirin

A

Active symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer/ Bleeding disorder (e.g. haemophilia)/ Known severe adverse reaction/ Patients < 16 years old (risk of Reye’s Syndrome).

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18
Q

What are the side effeeffects of aspirin

A

Epigastric pain and discomfort/ Bronchospasm/ Gastrointestinal haemorrhage/ Increased bleeding times/ skin reactions in hypersensitive patients.

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19
Q

What is the classification of chlorphenamine

A

Sedating antihistamine

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20
Q

How does chlorphenamine present

A

10mg in 1ML ampoule
4mg tablet

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21
Q

What are the contraindications of chlorphenamine

A

KSAR, Pre coma states

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22
Q

What are the indications of chlorphenamine

A

Anaphylaxis or allergic reaction

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23
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for mild reactions

A

4mg PO

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24
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for moderate reaction

A

4mg PO or 10mg IM

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25
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for severe anaphylaxis

A

10mg IM

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26
Q

What are the paediatric doses of chlorphenamine for mild

A

6 - 11 yrs - 2mg PO
>12 4mg PO

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27
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for moderate reaction in a paediatric

A

1 M - 6M 0.25/kg
6 months to 6 years- 2.5mg IM
6 - 12 years- 2mg PO or 5mg IM
12 and up - 10mg IM or 4 mg PO

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28
Q

What is the dose of chlorphenamine for severe reactions paediatric

A

1m - 6M 0.25 mg/kg IM
6 months to 6 years - 2.5mg IM
6 y to 12 year 5 mg IM
More than 12 10mg IM

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29
Q

Side effects of chlorphenamine

A

Causes drowsiness

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30
Q

What is the classification of glucagon

A

Hypoglycaemia- glycogenolytic hormones

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31
Q

What is the presentation of glucagon

A

1 mg vial powder and solution for reconstitution (1 mL).

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32
Q

What is the indications for glucagon

A

Hypoglycaemia in patients unable to take oral glucose or unable to gain IV access, with a blood glucose level < 4 mmol/L.

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33
Q

What are the contraindications of glucagon

A

< 1 month/ Phaechromocytoma/ Known Severe Adverse Reactions

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34
Q

What is the adult dose of glucagon

35
Q

What is the paediatric does of glucagon

A

≥ 1 month and < 25kg: 500 mcg IM. ≥1monthand≥25kg:1mgIM.

36
Q

What are the side effects of glucagon

A

Common: Nausea.
Uncommon: Vomiting.
Rare: may cause Hypotension/ Dizziness/ Headache

37
Q

What is the classification of glucose gel

A

Nutrients. Sugars: Antihypoglycaemic.

38
Q

What are the indications for glucose gel

A

Hypoglycaemia
BGL less than 4 mmol/L

39
Q

Contraindications of glucose gel

40
Q

Adult dose of glucose gel

A

10 – 20 g buccal (Recheck blood glucose and repeat after 15 min if required).

41
Q

Paediatric dose of glucose gel

A

New-born neonate
2 - 4 mL if blood glucose ≤ 2.6 mmol/L.

Less than 8 years
5 – 10 g buccal (recheck blood glucose and repeat after 15 mins if required).

More than 8 years
10 – 20 g buccal (recheck blood glucose and repeat after 15 mins if required).

42
Q

Side effects of glucose gel

A

May cause vomiting in patients under the age of 5 years if administered too quickly.

43
Q

What dose GTN stand for

A

Glyceryl trinitrate

44
Q

What is the classification of GTN

A

Potent coronary vasodilator/ reduces BP/ Dilation of systemic veins.

45
Q

How is GTN administrated

A

Sublingual

46
Q

What is the indications of GTN

A

Angina/ suspected myocardial infarction (MI) with systolic BP ≥110 mmHg.

47
Q

What is the contraindications of GTN

A

SBP < 90 mmHg/ Viagra or other phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (Sildenafil,
Tadalafil and Vardenafil) used within previous 24 hours/ Severe mitral stenosis/ Known severe adverse reaction.

48
Q

What is the dose of GTN

A

400 mcg sublingual.
(Repeat at 3-5 min intervals, Max: 1200 mcg).

49
Q

What are the side effects of GTN

A

Headache/ Transient Hypotension/ Flushing/ Dizziness.

50
Q

What is the classification of ibuprofen

A

Analgesics: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Pain and Inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders.

51
Q

What is the presentation of ibuprofen

A

Suspension 100 mg in 5 mL and 200 mg in 5 mL. 200 mg, 400 mg tablets.

52
Q

What are the indications of ibuprofen

A

Mild to moderate pain

53
Q

What are the contraindications of ibuprofen

A

Not suitable for children under 3 months (or body weight <5kg)/ Patient with history of asthma exacerbated by Aspirin/ Pregnancy/ Peptic ulcer disease/ Known renal failure/ Known severe liver failure/ Known severe heart failure/ Concurrent NSAID use (e.g. Diclofenac, Naproxen)/ Known severe adverse reaction.

54
Q

What is the adult dose of ibuprofen

A

400 mg PO (Mild pain).
600 mg PO (Moderate pai

55
Q

What is the paediatric dose of ibuprofen

A

10 mg/kg PO to a maximum of 400 mg.

56
Q

What are the side effects of ibuprofen

A

Skin rashes, GI intolerance and bleeding

57
Q

What is the classification of methoxyflurane

A

Anaesthetics. General: Volatile anaesthetic agent.

58
Q

What are the contraindications of methoxyflurane

A

<5 years old
ALOC due to head injury, drugs or alcohol.
Cardiovascular instability
Respiratory depression
Renal failure or impairment
KSAR
Malignant hyperthermia

59
Q

What is the dose of methoxyflurane

A

Adult:
3 mL (INH) (repeat x 1 only PRN).
Paediatric:
3 mL (INH) (repeat x 1 only PRN).

60
Q

What are the side effects of methoxyflurane

A

Amnesia/ Anxiety/ Depression/ Dizziness/ Dysarthria/ Dysgeusia/ Euphoria/ Headache/ Sensory neuropathy/ Somnolence/ Hypotension/ Coughing/ Dry mouth/ Nausea/ Feeling drunk/ Sweating.
Uncommon:
Tingling or numbness to hands and feet/ Tiredness/ Mouth discomfort.

61
Q

What is the classification of naloxone

A

Opioid toxicity: Opioid receptor antagonist. The management and reversal of opiate overdose.

62
Q

How does naloxone present

A

Ampoules 400 mcg/mL (0.4 mg in 1 mL) / Minijet syringe.

63
Q

What are the indications for naloxone

A

Inadequate respiration and/or ALoC following known or suspected narcotic overdose

64
Q

Dose of naloxone

A

800 mcg IN (EMT) (repeat x 1 after 3 min PRN)

65
Q

Paediatric dose of naloxone

A

20 mcg/kg IN (EMT).

66
Q

Side effects of naloxone

A

Acute reversal of narcotic effect ranging from nausea and vomiting to agitation and seizures

67
Q

What is the classification of entonox

A

Analgesics – Volatile Liquid Anaesthetics

68
Q

What is the presentation of entonox

A

Cylinder, coloured blue with white and blue triangles on cylinder shoulders. ED cylinder: White cylinder.
Medical gas: 50% Nitrous Oxide & 50% Oxygen. Brand name: Entonox

69
Q

Contraindications of entonox

A

ALOC
Chest injury
Pneumothorax
Shock
Recent scuba dive
Decompression sickness
Intestinal obstruction
Inhalation injury
Carbon monoxide poisoning
KSAR

70
Q

Side effects of entonox

A

Disinhibition/ Decreased level of consciousness/ Light headedness.

71
Q

What is a contraindication of oxygen

A

Bleomycin lung injury

72
Q

Paracetamol classification

A

Analgesic – Non-opioid.

73
Q

Presentation of paracetamol

A

Suspension 120 mg in 5 mL or 250 mg in 5 mL.
500 mg tablet.

74
Q

Indications of paracetamol

A

Adult: Pyrexia/ Temperature > 38.3oC/ Mild or moderate pain. Paediatric: Pyrexia/ Temperature > 38.5oC/ Mild or moderate pain.

75
Q

Contraindications of paracetamol

A

< 1 month old/ Known severe adverse reaction/ Chronic liver disease

76
Q

Dose of paracetamol adult

77
Q

Paediatric dose of paracetamol

A

15 mg/Kg PO

78
Q

Salbutamol classification

A

Beta-2 Adrenoceptor agonist selective – short acting.

79
Q

Presentation of salbutamol

A

Nebule 2.5 mg in 2.5 mL.
Nebule 5 mg in 2.5 mL.
Aerosol inhaler: Metered dose 100mcg per actuation (Puff).

80
Q

Indications for salbutamol

A

Bronchospasm/ Exacerbation of COPD/ Respiratory distress following submersion incident.

81
Q

Contraindications of salbutamol

82
Q

Dose of salbutamol

A

5 mg NEB or 100mcg metered aerosol spray (repeat aerosol x 11). Repeat NEB at 5 minute intervals PRN

83
Q

Paediatric dose of salbutamol

A

< 5 yrs - 2.5 mg NEB or 100 mcg metered aerosol spray (repeat aerosol x 5).
> 5 yrs - 5 mg NEB or 100 mcg metered aerosol spray (repeat aerosol x 11). (Repeat NEB at 5 minute intervals PRN).

84
Q

Side effects of salbutamol

A

Tachycardia/ Tremors/ Tachyarrhythmias/ High doses may cause Hypokalaemia.

Emt (10 decks)

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