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EOR- PEDS > Random/Questions > Flashcards

Random/Questions Flashcards

1
Q

At what level would a lead test be positive?

A

A level of 10 µg/dL is considered positive

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2
Q

If basophilic stippling is seen what type of exposure should be suspected?

A

Lead

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3
Q

Tx of lead poisoning

A

Treatment includes preventing further exposure, chelation therapy, and dietary measures

  • Dimercaprol, CaNaEDTA, penicillamine, and succimer are all agents that can be used to treat lead toxicity.
    • Typically chelation therapy is only indicated if a patient has a blood lead level of ~45 μg/dL
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4
Q

Most common PRIMARY childhood CNS tumors

A

Astrocytoma = develop from astrocytes; Most commonly benign

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5
Q

Most common MALIGNANT posterior fossa tumor in children and represents about 20% of all pediatric CNS cancers

A

Medulloblastoma

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6
Q

Dx of medulloblastoma

A

MRI and histologic evaluation of biopsy

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7
Q

3rd most common CNS tumor in children

A

Ependymoma

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8
Q

Hemophilia A affects which factor, what about Hemo B

A

A = Aight = 8

B comes after A, so B = factor 9

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9
Q

2 MC types of leukemia in children

A

ALL and AML

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10
Q

How can you tell the difference between ALL and AML on peripheral smear?

A

AML = Auer rods +/- Blast cells

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11
Q

tumor derived from lymphocytes - specifically B-cells which mainly reside in lymph nodes

Bimodal (seen at ages 15 and 65)

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Painless cervical or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

Upper body lymph nodes: neck, axilla, shoulder, chest (mediastinum)

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12
Q

Reed-Sternberg Cells are pathognomonic - B cells fused together forming a large cell with two nuclei “owl eye”

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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13
Q

Neutropenia is classified with what lab value

A

ANC <1000

Absolute neutrophils

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14
Q

How to differentiate between pathologic and familial/normal causes of short stature?

A

Bone age (AP x-ray of the left wrist) helps delineate familial short stature from constitutional delay

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15
Q

The most common cause of juvenile or acquired hypothyroidism is

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis

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16
Q

Children younger than two years of age are particularly likely to have a delay in diagnosis. In these patients, a history or presence of prolonged _________ infection should prompt consideration of diabetes mellitus

A

Candidal

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17
Q

What is the recommended target glycated hemoglobin for children and adolescents with diabetes

A

(A1C) of <7.5 percent

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18
Q

Main difference between conduct and oppositional defiant disorder?

A

Conduct =Aggression/mean to animals +/- hitting people

Oppositional defiant disorder is a less intense form of conduct disorder. Children who continue with the chronic behavior are at risk of developing conduct disorder. This disorder is most often seen in boys

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19
Q

When are apgar scores performed?

A

1 & 5 minutes

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20
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome triad

A

acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

MCC of acute kidney injury in children

A

Shiga toxin : E.coli O157

22
Q

What blood smear finding is suggestive of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?

A

Schistocytes

23
Q

Immunoglobin A vasculitis (aka Henoch Schonlein Purpura) sx

A

Palpable purpura (lower extremities + buttocks)

Abdominal pain +/- intussusception

Heme-positive stool

Microscopic hematura, proteinuria, Elevated Bun/Cr

Periarticular dz of knees and ankles aka joint pain

24
Q

Rule of 5s for Neonatal conjunctivitis

A

0-5 days = Gonorrhea

5 days to 5 weeks = Chlamydia

5wks to 5 years = Strep or H. Flu

25
Q

low-grade mid-systolic murmur localized near the apex to lower left sternal border. It decreases in intensity with inspiration, sitting up, or standing

A

Stills murmur

26
Q

What is the most specific to confirm the diagnosis if urinalysis is positive?

A

Nitrites

27
Q

What is the most common organism isolated on respiratory cultures in bacterial tracheitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus the most common isolated species

28
Q

bilateral lymphadenopathy in the posterior cervical chains with splenomegaly on palpation of her abdomen

Should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Infectious mono aka Epstein Barr Virus

29
Q

The most common causes of infectious lymphadenitis in children are

A

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

30
Q

A previously healthy 3-week-old male born full-term presents with sudden onset bilious emesis. There appears to be abdominal tenderness and distention on exam

MCC and dx

A

Intestinal malrotation w/ midgut volvulus

Dx= diagnosed with an upper GI series and confirmed by observing failure of the duodenal-jejunal junction to cross midline.

31
Q

Patient presents with fever, bloody and mucoid diarrhea, and seizures (more common in children)

What bacteria is suspected?

A

Shigellosis

32
Q

generalized nonbullous, nonvesicular rash vs fine maculopapular “sandpaper rash”

A

Kawasaki vs sandpaper = Scarlet fever

33
Q

What would you expect to see on CSF with a pt with GBS

A

increased CSF protein but a normal cell count

  • Risk Factors: recent minor respiratory or GI illness
  • Sx: Symmetric, progressive ascending muscle weakness, can lead to respiratory failure
  • PE: lack of deep tendon reflexes, symmetric weakness
  • Lumbar puncture: increased CSF protein but a normal cell count
  • Most commonly caused by Campylobacter jejuni
  • Treatment is supportive, plasmapheresis, or IVIG
34
Q

How is diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease made?

A

Rectal biopsy

Hirschsprung Disease

  • Patient more likely to be a boy or have Down Syndrome
  • History of delayed meconium passage
  • Diagnosis is made by rectal biopsy
  • Most commonly caused by an absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexus
35
Q

What causes an increased risk of

A
36
Q

What causes an increased risk of developmental dysplasia of hips

A

Female in breech position during delivery

37
Q

What is the SALTER classification for fractures (mnemonic)

A
  • SALTER mnemonic
    • I: slipped epiphysis
    • II: fracture above physis, most common
    • III: fracture below physis
    • IV: fracture through physis
    • V: erasure of the growth plate
38
Q

How is appendicitis diagnosed in pediatrics?

A

Ultrasound in pediatrics

CT in Adults

39
Q

What age is at an increased risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease

A

Children under 1 year of age.

40
Q

Progressive left-sided limp over the previous three weeks. The patient states that he has pain in his knee. On exam, you elicit pain on internal rotation of the hip

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). SCFE is a Salter-Harris type 1 fracture of the femoral capital epiphysis. The X-ray will show the classic posterior and inferior displacement of the head (capital) of the femur. SCFE occurs in males twice as often as females, is commonly seen in children > 10 years of age, and classically presents in obese children as subacute hip pain with a limp.

41
Q

At what age is the peak incidence of SIDS?

A

Between 1 & 2 months of age

42
Q

What is the is most characteristic of a complex febrile seizure?

A

Convulsions focal in nature

43
Q

Which neonatal reflexes is present at birth and remains for life?

A

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex

or cutaneous withdrawal reflex is the ability of an infant to move the hand or foot from painful stimuli. This reflex is present at birth and remains for life.

44
Q

Patient presents with the gradual onset of dry cough, dyspnea, and extrapulmonary symptoms such as headache, myalgias, fatigue, and GI disturbance

A

Atypical pneumonia

45
Q

Sx of Lyme dz in stages

A
  • Stage 1 occurs 3–30 days after exposure: erythema migrans (pathognomonic), viral-like syndrome (fever, fatigue, malaise, myalgia, headache)
  • Stage 2 days to months after exposure; multisystem involvement: myocarditis, bilateral Bell palsy -peripheral facial palsy
  • Stage 3 months to years: chronic arthritis, chronic encephalopathy
46
Q

Complications of Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis (formerly Henoch-Schönlein Purpura)

A
  • Complications include nephropathy (ESKD more common in adults), intussusception (more common in children)
47
Q

Tx of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis

A

Oral erythromycin

48
Q

Mono or EBV most likely affects which lymph nodes?

A

Posterior cervical adenopathy

49
Q

2 methods for reduction of radial head subluxation (nursemaids elbow)

A
  • Hyperpronation method: apply pressure to the radial head and hyperpronating the forearm
  • Supination-flexion method: supinate and fully flex the elbow while applying pressure to the radial head and pulling with gentle traction
50
Q

Tx of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Conjunctivitis in neonates

A

IV Ceftriaxone

EOR- PEDS (9 decks)

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