Random Q's

Question 1

When will a solid precipitate from solution?

Answer 1

When it exceeds K_sp

Question 2

Which is smaller? A sodium cation or a chloride anion?

Answer 2

Sodium cation

_{Im assuming that they are trying to point out that the cation will have fewer electrons, therefore increasing the Zeff felt by the remaining electrons.}

Question 3

What is the pH of a solution with a 1x10^-5 [H⁺]?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Difference between a reducing sugar and a non-reducing sugar?

Answer 4

• Hemiacetal group = reducing
• NO Hemiacetal group = non-reducing

Question 5

What 3 things needed for a functional ultrasound?

Answer 5

• frequency of wave when the source is stationary
• speed of source
• speed of detector

Question 6

How is it than organic acid partially dissociates in pure water, but fully dissociates in blood?

HA_(aq) ⇔ H⁺_(aq) + A^-_(aq)

Answer 6

The equilibrium concentration of H+ is maintained at a low value. Forcing the acid to dissociate via le chatelier’s principle.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a suitable primer for PCR?

Answer 7

• High GC content
• G or C at each end

Question 8

If the level of a transport protein increased, how would the K_m be affected?

Answer 8

• It would not change.

lol.

for real.

stop shaking your head.

Question 9

If carbonic anhydrase were inhibited in the blood buffer equation, the concentration of ________ would increase.

CO₂ + H₂O ⇔ H₂CO₃ ⇔ H⁺ + HCO₃^-

Answer 9

CO₂

Question 10

How would cocaine (a stimulant) influence your metabolism?

Answer 10

It is a stimulant, so this would act like stress, increasing glucose metabolism.

Question 11

What concept is described in the picture shown?

Answer 11

Demographic Transition Theory

This theory describes a country undergoing economic development. it shows a drop in death rates at first, followed by a decrease in birth rates.

Question 12

Does shifting light away from the fovea always decrease acuity?

Answer 12

NO!

_{What if it’s dark outside? You would want to move away from the fovea to utlize more rods bruh..}

Question 13

What is the purpose of fMRI?

Answer 13

Monitor brain activity via blood flow

Question 14

For schizophrenia, define each of the following:

• (+) symptoms
• (-) symptoms

Answer 14

• Gain of inappropriate behaviors and emotion
  
  • Ex) Delusions (false belief), Hallucinations (false senses)
• Absence/Loss of appropriate behaviors and emotion
  
  • Ex) Avolition (flattened affect), Aphagia (speech loss)

Question 15

Negative priming requires which type of memory?

Answer 15

Implicit Memory

Question 16

First-line drugs for schizophrenia are _________. Which can potentially exacerbate (-) symptoms while improving (+) symptoms.

Answer 16

Neuroleptics

Question 17

What cognitive changes do schizophrenia and alzheimer’s (dementia) have in common?

Answer 17

• Loss in cognitive ability, especially in :
  
  • verbal fluency
  • negative priming

Question 18

True or False:

A solution saturated with solute is at equilibrium.

Answer 18

True

_{system no longer changes with time}

Question 19

True or False:

Chemical equilibrium applies to a system in which the k is zero order, so no matter how much of a reactant you add, the rate does not change.

Answer 19

False

_{<em>k </em>refers to rate constant, whereas Chemical equilibrium (<em>Keq)</em> refers to the equilibrium constant.}

Question 20

For each Major Sociological theory, provide the name of the people who created it:

1. Functionalism
2. Conflict theory
3. Symbolic Interactionism

_{Bonus Q: What general type of long-term memory retrieval did you use to answer this card?}

Answer 20

1. Durkheim
2. Marx, Weber
3. Mead

_{Explicit memory [more specifically, semantic memory]}

Question 21

Which sub-type of Long Term Memory is used for the retrieval of the following?

• Capital of France.
• When I first got stabbed.
• *The act of riding a bike*
• *Providing the answer for the above bullet points*

_{This flash card improved the _____-_____ ______ of your dendrites.}

Answer 21

• Semantic [fact]
• Episodic [you]
• Implicit [how-to]
• Semantic [fact]

_{Long-term potentiation}

Question 22

For the following reaction, state whether products, reactants or neither side will be favored? Assume it’s at E_q inside of a secure, leak-proof container.

N_{2 (g)} + 3 H_{2 (g)} ⇔ 2 NH_{3 (g)} ∆H = - 50 kj

• Increase N₂
• Increase NH₃
• Increase volume
• Increase pressure
• Increase temperature
• Add an Inert gas [Ar for example]
• Add a catalyst

Answer 22

• Products
• Reactants
• Reactants
• Products
• Reactants
• Neither side; Remains at E_q
• Neither side; Remains at E_q

Volume and pressure changes only apply to gases. If the pressure on the system increases, it will shift to side with less mols of stuff.

Question 23

How fast will an Open System reach equilibrium when compared with a Closed System?

Answer 23

Only the closed system will reach equilibrium.

_{No new reactants, products or temperature can be influencing the system to reach equilibrium. [pg.202 gchem]}

Question 24

The recessive allele for cystic fibrosis is strongly selected against in society because they die prematurely. The allele takes many generations to decrease in a population, why is this the case?

Answer 24

Natural Selection acts on phenotypes, not genotypes.

Question 25

For a population of 500 chimpanzees, 50 are homozygous for a recessive allele (*h*) and 100 are heterozygous. What is the frequency of the *h* allele in the population?

Answer 25

0.2 Allele frequency is the number of copies of a specific allele divided by the total number of copies of the gene in the population. 50 *hh* = 100 *h* alleles 100 *Hh* = 100 *h* alleles 500x2 = 1000 total 200 / 1000 = 0.2

Question 26

Label the following as vector or scalar: * Velocity * Displacement * Speed * Acceleration

Answer 26

* Vector * Vector * Scalar * Vector

Question 27

What does this equation measure? **(P + a(n/V)2)(V - nb) = nRT** _{DO NOT MEMORIZE EQUATION}

Answer 27

How much a particular gas varies from an ideal gas.

Question 28

For the following, tell whether it is a **scalar or vector** quantity. 1. 10 mph 2. Distance 3. Velocity 4. 10 mph in the southbound direction 5. Pressure 6. Force due to pressure 7. Volume

Answer 28

1. Scalar 2. Scalar 3. Vector 4. Vector 5. Scalar 6. Vector 7. Scalar

Question 29

When an object floats, its _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is just enough to make the buoyant force it feels balance its weight.

Answer 29

submerged volume

Question 30

In a buffer system, which species (A^- or HA) will dominate, if the pH is greater than the pKa of the buffer system?

Answer 30

A- to confirm, you can plug into henderson-hasselbalch equation

Question 31

How many equivalents of NaOH are needed to neutralize H₂PO₄?

Answer 31

2 equivalents

Question 32

What type of decay causes ₃₈**Sr** to become ₃₉**Y**? What type of decay causes ₃₉**Y** to become ₃₈**Sr**?

Answer 32

Beta emission Positron emission or electron capture

Question 33

How many combinations are possible for tripeptides made from the following: * 3 amino acids that cannot repeat * 3 amino acids that can repeat * 20 amino acids that can repeat

Answer 33

* 3 ! * 3³ * 20³

Question 34

For an enzyme to be a true *antagonist*, what must be true?

Answer 34

**It must bind to receptor proteins and inhibit activity.** _{If the supposed chemical still functions at the same rate even after addition of the enzyme, then it is not antagonistic and is instead indirectly related.}

Question 35

What is the general range for **p-values** and what does it represent?

Answer 35

They range from 0 to 1. The closer to 0 it is, the more significant the data is.

Question 36

What does K_cat represent?

Answer 36

K_cat = the turnover rate of each enzyme How many substrate molecules are converted to products when the enzyme is saturated. Vmax is then Kcat x [E]

Question 37

What formula relates V_max, K_m, V₀ and [S]?

Answer 37

**V₀ = V_max [S] / K_m + [S]**

Question 39

Antibody binding can best be described as:

Answer 39

Non-covalent protein-protein interaction

Question 40

How would the lineweaver-burk plot change for an enzyme that is stimulated to be synthesized faster?

Answer 40

Y-intercept will decrease, every thing else will remain constant

Question 42

List the nucleotides from slowest moving to fastest moving in a gel electrophoresis experiment A,G,C,T.

Answer 42

1. G 2. A 3. T 4. C

Question 43

What are the 4 outcomes in signal detection theory?

Answer 43

Question 44

A patient closes their right eye, and looks at the word "Face". They are told to draw the word, but are only able to draw the picture of a face. Why?

Answer 44

Split-brain syndrome; Corpus Callosum severed. _{Visual information from the left eye crosses into the right side of the brain, but is not able to be processed in the "language side of the brain" (left hemisphere) due to the severed corpus callosum.}

Question 45

The 3 stages: Alarm, Resistance and Exhaustion pertain to what psychological syndrome?

Answer 45

**General Adaptation Syndrome** (GAS)

Question 46

For each example, state what therapy type was initiated: * Accepting circumstances and pursuing personal growth * Replacing negative thoughts with positive thoughts * Uncovering unconscious conflicts and feelings

Answer 46

* Humanistic * Cognitive-Behavioral * Psychoanalytic

Question 47

Validitity Type that aims to describe causality of experimental data (confounding variables, selection bias, repeated testing).

Answer 47

Internal Validity

Question 48

Validity Type that aims to describe Generalizability.

Answer 48

External Validity

Question 49

Which Validity type is associated with: * Tight experimental control * "Real world" experiments

Answer 49

* Internal Validity * External Validity

Question 50

What is the difference between **p values** and **r values**?

Answer 50

* **p values tell significance of the data set** (less than .05 is significant) * **r values tell correlation​ between 2 values** (closer to 1 is more correlated) * + value is positive correlation (increase in 1 variable leads to increase in the other variable) * - value is negative correlation

Question 51

For each schizophrenic symptom, classify as + or - * hallucination/delusions * disorganized speech * Apathy (lack of motivation) * Avolition (lack of purpose) * Flat affect * Alogia (loss of speech)

Answer 51

* + * + * - * - * - * -

Question 52

For a cell that expresses a gene of interest, one way to determine the cell type is to identify the presence of an mRNA specific to that cell and develop a _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that can hybridize with it.

Answer 52

complementary probe

Question 53

A conditioned fear response is most closely associated with which type of memory?

Answer 53

Implicit memory

Question 54

How would depriving a test subject of food change their receptiveness to operant conditioning?

Answer 54

It would increase their motivational state, which should lead to them participating and being impacted to a higher degree

Question 55

What is the difference between **power** and **authority**?

Answer 55

* Power = influence over others * Authority = whether others believe the power is legitimate

Question 56

For the following Van't hoff equation, what would be the **gibbs free energy equation** assuming the slope is -4911 and the y-intercept is 5.4?

Answer 56

4911R - T (5.4R)

Question 57

For the following equation of a Van't Hoff equation: lnK_a = -4911 (1/T) + 5.4 * Sign of ∆H * Sign of ∆S

Answer 57

* (+) ∆H * (+) ∆S

Question 58

The longest σ bond between 2 atoms will be between those with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 58

the largest atomic radii

Question 59

Are the following chemicals the same or different compounds? Why? SO₃ SO_3^-2

Answer 59

Different _{because the electron configuration is different}

Question 60

Which of the following atoms will have the smallest radii? * Na+ * F− * Mg2+ * O2−

Answer 60

Mg²⁺

Question 61

Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a solution is ______ to the atmospheric pressure.

Answer 61

equal

Question 62

What best explains why sound waves moves faster when moving from air to liquid?

Answer 62

**The bulk modulus (K) is different.** _{The bulk Modulus is increased for "stiffer" media. In general, v = √(Κ/ρ) represents the velocity of sound waves in a medium. Vsolid > Vliquid > Vgas.}

Question 63

What are the electron configurations of the following: * **XeF₄** * **NH₃**

Answer 63

* Sp³d² * Sp³ muahaha

Question 64

Was there a net oxidation or reduction in the following process shown:

Answer 64

Neither _{no net oxidation or reduction}

Question 65

A build-up of toxic radicals will cause an increase in oxidation or reduction in cells?

Answer 65

Oxidation

Question 66

What are 3 types of Eukaryotes? What are the 2 types of Prokaryotes?

Answer 66

1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Fungi 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea

Question 67

_Unlike_ stereotype and prejudice, stigma is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 67

always a highly negative perception.

Question 68

This is an example of what effect?

Answer 68

**Stroop Effect**

Question 69

How do the following relate? * More * Folkway * Informal Norm * Formal Norm

Answer 69

* **Informal Norms** - unwritten * More - serious * Folkway - not serious * **Formal Norm** - written

Question 70

Where will the following solutions move toward? * Areas of High Hydrostatic pressure * Areas of Low Osmotic pressure * Areas of High Osmotic pressure

Answer 70

Low High Will remain where it is

Question 71

What will be the approximate pKa of your pH indicator?

Answer 71

+/- 1 of the equivalence point _{if titrating a weak acid with a strong base, your equivalence point will be above 7 If titrating a weak base with a strong acid, your equivalence point will be below 7 If titrating a strong acid with a strong base, your equivalence point will be at 7}

Question 72

How will electron withdrawing groups influence the stability of the following: * Carbocations * Phenols

Answer 72

* Decreases stability * Increases stability (making more acidic)

Question 73

What causes the forced exhalation beyond the norm?

Answer 73

Intercostal muscles

Question 74

For each process listed, tell what genetic material was separated and what cells were produced during the process: * Mitosis * Meiosis I * Meiosis II

Answer 74

* Separate sister chromatids to produce _diploid daughters_ * Separate homologous chromosomes to produce _haploid daughters_ * Separate sister chromatids to produce _haploid daughters_

Question 75

Which phases of the cell cycle require the use of: * Microtubules * Microfilaments

Answer 75

* Metaphase, Anaphase * Cytokinesis (they help with formation of cleavage furrow) _{there may be other parts of the cell cycle that these influence, the aforementioned processes are just the most high yield}

Question 76

Prostaglandins, and terpenes and terpenoids are all expamples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 76

Cholesterol derivatives

Question 77

What is the pneumonic BAT-D as it pertains to sleep cycles?

Answer 77

* Beta waves - when awake * Alpha waves - when sleepy * Theta waves - when asleep * Delta waves - when in deep sleep

Question 78

Which of following are related to Anomie? * Rapid changes in society * Low levels of income * High heterogeneity

Answer 78

All are related to anomie (aka Normlessness)

Question 79

Put the stages of end of life events in order, as it pertains to the Kubler-Ross model: * Anger * Denial * Depression * Acceptance * Bargaining

Answer 79

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Question 80

According to Freud's theory, which of the following are involved in the unconscious mind? * Ego * Id * Superego

Answer 80

All are involved to some degree in the unconscious

Question 81

Electrons ejected from which orbital will have the highest energy? * sp * sp² * sp³

Answer 81

sp _{it will be most difficult to excite an electron from the sp subshell cuz it's so close to the nucleus}

Question 82

For the following chemical equation, what is the **K_sp equation?** Ag₂SO₂ (s) → 2 Ag⁺ (aq) + SO₄^2– (aq)

Answer 82

**Ksp = [Ag⁺]² [SO₄^2-]** _{remember that solids and liquids will not be included in the equilibrium expression.}

Question 83

What types of solvents are needed for SN1, SN2, E1 and E2?

Answer 83

Question 84

# Define: * Passive immunity * Natural Immunity * Cell-mediated immunity * Innate immunity

Answer 84

* **Passive immunity** is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. * **Natural immunity** is immunity that is present in the individual at birth, prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen, and that includes intact skin, salivary enzymes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and complement. * **Cell-mediated immunity** is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. * I**nnate (non-specific) immune system** includes anatomical barriers, secretory molecules, and cellular components. Among the mechanical anatomical barriers are the skin and internal epithelial layers, the movement of the intestines, and the oscillation of bronchopulmonary cilia.

Question 85

What type of genetic does a viral vector contain?

Answer 85

DNA _{the example i had seen stated that an adeno-associated virus serotype rh.10 (AAVrh.10) gene transfer vector would be used in the experiment, thus indicating that a DNA viral vector was being used/created.}

Question 86

An individual with Wernicke’s aphasia would likely have difficulty with what part of communication?

Answer 86

Expressing meaning

Question 87

Where do all proteins begin translation?

Answer 87

Cytoplasm

Question 88

What SRP-dependent sequences are needed for the following molecules? * Secreted proteins * Integral membrane proteins * Golgi or Lysosomes

Answer 88

* targeting signals * transmembrane domains * glycosylation

Question 89

The cytoplasm is typically defined as a ________ enviornment, as can be seen by the separation of cystine bonds into 2 cysteine molecules

Answer 89

Reducing enviornment

Question 90

Discuss the workings of an MRI machine.

Answer 90

They function similar to a permanent bar magnet. The electrons move in a circular pattern and creates a B field through the MRI machine

Question 91

A proton is traveling north. It is projected in an arc toward the left due to a B field. How would this same B field project an electron in similar conditions?

Answer 91

The electron would arc to the right, but not much more strongly because it's mass is much smaller compared to the proton.

Question 92

Inserting ____________ (polarizable materials) between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor causes electric dipoles to form within the dielectric material.

Answer 92

**Dielectrics**

Question 93

Dipoles created by dielectrics reduce the magnitude of the ______________ present between the plates such that voltage decreases and capacitance increases.

Answer 93

**Electric field (E)**

Question 94

The energy U in a capacitor is stored in the ___________ created between the oppositely charged plates.

Answer 94

electric field

Question 95

What are major factors in the bioavailability of drugs?

Answer 95

Solubility and membrane permeability

Question 96

What are the units for Newtons?

Answer 96

Question 97

What are the units for Joules?

Answer 97

N\*m | (Newton meters)

Question 98

For organic chemistry labs, an impure compound will have a boiling point that is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 98

Lower and over a broader range

Question 99

Eluting strength is defined as:

Answer 99

how strongly a compound adsorbs onto the adsorbent. Since typical adsorbents are highly polar, eluting strength increases with increasing solvent polarity. _{so in TLC, polar molecules have a stronger eluting strength and migrate less}

Question 100

What is the **Normality** of a phosphoric acid solution with a Molarity of .0015?

Answer 100

.0045 _{.0015 x 3 protons}

Question 101

This **rightward shift** of the hemoglobin-oxygen binding curve is termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 101

th **Bohr effect**

Question 102

Low blood _______ and increased levels of _______ in the blood can indicate a shortage of oxygen.

Answer 102

**pH** **CO₂**

Question 103

What would happen in PCR if 1 primer, instead of 2 is added to the mixture?

Answer 103

Only one strand would be replicated in a linear fashion per round. _{So after 10 cycles you would have 10 copies of DNA vs. 2^10 copies when using 2 primers}

Question 104

According to Chomsky’s view... \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 104

individuals have an innate language acquisition device

Question 105

How can **context effects** be differentiated from **false alarms**?

Answer 105

* **Context effects** = increased cognitive recall * **False alarms** = believing something was present, when in reality it is not

Question 106

Neuroleptics for schizophrenia treat what type of symptoms? Neuroleptics for schizophrenia exacerbate what type of symptoms?

Answer 106

Positive symptoms improve * hallucinations * delusions * disorganized speech * disorganized behavior Negative symptoms exacerbated * Apathy * flat affect * anhedonia

Question 107

Making a group larger does

Question 108

For each group, state whether stability, intimacy or social processes are impacted. (Hint: only one thing applies to each group type) * Diad * Tryad * Tetrad * 5 members or more

Answer 108

* **More intimate** because 1 on 1 * **More stable** because even if 1 person leaves you're good * **Less stable** because people pair up * **Social processes** occur (groupthink, social loafing)

Question 109

How do core and periphery nations differ in regards to: * product export * resource export

Answer 109

* **Core nation** = lot of product export, little resource export * **Periphery nation** = little produt export, lot of resource export

Question 110

What receptors are associated with the following? * vision * audition * olfaction * gustation * touch * interoception

Answer 110

* EM receptors * mechanoreceptor * chemoreceptor * chemoreceptor * mechanoreceptor, nociceptor, thermoreceptor * baroreceptor, chemoreceptor

Question 111

Group Bacteria, Archae and Eukaryotes based on: * Chromosome shape * PG * Presence of nucleus and organelles

Answer 111

Bacteria and Archae both have circular chromosomes and no nuclei/organelles Bacteria _only_ have PG

Question 112

How many bonds does an octahedral molecule have?

Answer 112

6 bonds d²sp³

Question 113

In bio experiments involving protein mutation, what is meant by R55Y?

Answer 113

The original protein contained **Arginine**, but was mutated to **Glycine**.

Question 114

A medical student who emulates the medical director is an example of what type of group?

Answer 114

Reference group

Question 115

Interoception is best described as:

Answer 115

Increased sensitivity to internal body changes. Associated with increased activity of the autonomic nervous system

Question 116

If the passage asks, "by what factor is X larger than Y", what should you do?

Answer 116

You should be dividing 2 numbers to get a ratio/factor

Question 117

On an atomic level: UV exposure results in ____________ and IR exposure results in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 117

electron excitation bond vibration _{you can think, it's easier to vibrate bonds than electrons}

Question 118

Half-life is best described as:

Answer 118

the amount of time it takes for half of all radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei _{the daughters may or may not be radioactive}

Question 119

Which of the following examples of light waves are closest in energy to ground state when excited? * 500nm * 250nm

Answer 119

500nm _{because this is it's wavelength; longer wavelength = lower energy}

Question 120

A sigmoidal curve in which entities bind indicates:

Answer 120

that there is some form of cooperative binding occurring

Question 121

Differentiate the following: * Covalent bond * Coordinate covalent bond * Ionic bond * Nonpolar bond * Polar bond

Answer 121

* **sharing electrons** between 2 elements with similar EN * single atom **provides both electrons** to form a bond (often lewis acid/base rxns) * transfer of **1 or more** electrons between 2 elements with very different EN * Similar EN * Different EN

Question 122

What are the 2 ways that H_f^° can be calculated based on different data that could be given?

Answer 122

**_H_f^° with heat of formation_** H^°_{products -} H^°_reactants **_H_f^° with bond dissociation energy_** H^°_reactants - H^°_products

Question 123

Of the following, which bond is likely the shortest? Which bond is least polar? * C–H * C–O * C–C * O–N

Answer 123

**C--H** _{since H is the smallest molecule of all the elements listed. Looking at the periodic trend, atomic radii decreases going to the right and down the periodic table.} **C--C**

Question 124

How do you find Work done in Electrical systems and Elastic Spring systems, Fluid systems and Mechanical systems?

Answer 124

_Calculate the potential energy. moving with, the sign is_ (-) * Work done with Electric field = **(-) PE = qV** * Work done with Spring = **(-) PE = 1/2 kx²** _Calculate normal Work for fluid systems and mechanical_ * Work done on system = **(-) W = PV** * Work done on system = **W = Fd Cos (theta)**

Question 125

Resonance is _________ from/to the intensity of the sound source.

Answer 125

independent

Question 126

What theory for frequency is closely associated with ultrasound devices?

Answer 126

Doppler Effect

Question 127

What is meant by kinetic product? What is meant by thermodynamic product?

Answer 127

Kinetic = product created the fastest Thermodynamic = product that has the lowest free energy (most stable)

Question 128

Activating mutations are normally associated with what type of gene?

Answer 128

**Oncogenes** Oncogenes are the result of Proto-oncogenes, which are normal gene that can cause cancer if mutated. If they become mutated, now they are oncogenes and will cause cancer.

Question 129

Differentiate Oncogenes and Tumor suppressor genes.

Answer 129

* **Oncogenes** * perform normal functions * cause cancer by being _activated_ by mutation * **Tumor suppressor genes** * actively fight cancer * cause cancer by being _inactivated_ by mutation

Question 130

Proline is likely to be found in what secondary protein structures? Why is proline's structure unique eh?

Answer 130

* Can be found in beta turns of beta sheets where it provides inflexible kinks * It's unique because it has a secondary amine in it's backbone

Question 131

Glucose is a sugar that forms from an intramolecular attack between an oxygen and a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 131

Aldehyde

Question 132

Dissociation of ___________ causes the power stroke, which is the actual pivot of the actin-bound myosin head that drags the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. This directly results in ______ of the sarcomere. The myosin head is now in its _____ energy conformation.

Answer 132

ADP and P_i Shortening Low

Question 133

Hydrolysis of the ATP molecule allows the myosin head to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 133

shift back into its **upright, high-energy** conformation in preparation for a new cycle of contraction

Question 134

Differentiate Enveloped viruses and Naked viruses based on: * membrane * resistance to heat/detergent/moisture

Answer 134

**Enveloped** * host derived capsule that helps evade immune system * low resistance **Naked** * no capsule * high resistance

Question 135

A virus with a +ssRNA genome that replicates through DNA intermediates must contain \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 135

reverse-transcriptase function

Question 136

Secretory proteins are synthesized and undergo tertiary folding in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 136

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 137

Proteins are synthesized from the ______ to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 137

N-terminus C-terminus

Question 138

If asked if a section of DNA is good for restriction enzymes to notice, what should you be looking for?

Answer 138

A DNA sequence that could be inversed and be complementary to the original sequence ## Footnote **AATT** **TTAA**

Question 139

For each electron transport chain complex, what molecule is used? * Complex I * Complex II * Complex III * Complex IV

Answer 139

* NADH * Succinate * CoQH₂ * Cytochrome

Question 140

What is the definition of Germ-Line?

Answer 140

Any genes that constitute Ovum and Sperm

Question 141

Certain viruses contain RNA, what is a way they can replicate themselves?

Answer 141

Code for or carry a reverse transcriptase enzyme

Question 142

What is an example of a **dichotic listening task**?

Answer 142

Administering 2 auditory sounds, 1 to each ear

Question 143

What are considered primary groups?

Answer 143

Peer groups and Family _{essentially any small groups with close, interpersonal ties}

Question 144

How would plasma clearance be influenced a decrease in BP?

Answer 144

**The plasma clearance would decrease** _{a lower BP will result in a decreased amount of urinary output and therefore an increase in reapsorption}

Question 145

When introduced into a unfiform electric field, a charged particle will _________ (move with constant velocity/accelerate) to the oppositely charged plate.

Answer 145

accelerate

Question 146

How will the following be affected on the moon? (1/6g) 1. % of an object's submerged volume 2. Time for a thrown object to fall back to the surface

Answer 146

1. Will be the same as earth 2. Will fall back to the surface faster

Question 147

What is the intensity of a sound that is meausured at 120 dB?

Answer 147

10⁰ using the formula I = 10 log10(I/I0) it can also be noted that a change of 10 dB is a 10 times difference

Question 148

Visible light travels more slowly through an optically dense medium than through a vacuum. A possible explanation for this could be that the light:

Answer 148

is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structure of the optically dense medium.

Question 149

If a block's density is 800 kg/m³, how much of the object will be above the surface?

Answer 149

**1/5** _{by calculating the specific gravity of the object, we see that 800/1000 = .8 = 4/5. So 4/5 is submerged and 1/5 is floating.}

Question 150

In air, a sound wave deflects off of something, which of the following will remain the same: * speed * intensity * frequency * wavelength

Answer 150

speed will remain constant

Question 151

How will the amount of work done on a block that lies on an incline slope if you increase the ramp's angle?

Answer 151

The amount of work done will decrease. the equaion work = F\*d cos (theta) shows that when you increase the angle, work decreases. The object will be more like freefall rather than pushing along a surface, so work is less.

Question 152

How do you calculate flow rate if you are given a velocity and diameter?

Answer 152

**Flow rate = A \* v** _{velocity can be plugged in. To get cross-sectional area, we must use π*r^2 * height. Since we are given the diameter, we can use π/4 * d^2 and plug this into the equation for A.}

Question 153

An object that is totally immersed in benzene (specific gravity = 0.7) is subject to a buoyancy force of 5 N. When the same object is totally immersed in an unknown liquid, the buoyancy force is 12 N. What is the approximate specific gravity of the unknown liquid?

Answer 153

12/5 = **1.7**

Question 154

The 14C atom undergoes beta decay to 14N. What particle is being emitted from the carbon nucleus?

Answer 154

Electron

Question 155

Electric Field lines exit _____ and enter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 155

Positive charge Negative charge

Question 156

What conditions must exist for fluid to travel up the barometer?

Answer 156

There must be lower pressure in the glass tube relative to the enviornment

Question 157

In a state of cognitive dissonance, what is a person most likely to do?

Answer 157

change attitudes to match behavior

Question 158

Carbonic Anhydrase antagonists lead to a build-up of \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 158

CO₂

Question 160

For a transition metal, from which orbital will electrons first be removed from? 4s or 3d?

Answer 160

4s

Question 161

What will be the effect of adding SDS-PAGE? SDS-PAGE with a reducing agent?

Answer 161

* **SDS-PAGE** will remove the non-covalent bonds between things * so tetramers will separate * **SDS-PAGE + Reducing Agent** = disulfide bond separation * all subunits will be separated

Question 162

Which of the four DNA bases contains the largest number of hydrogen bond acceptors when involved in a Watson–Crick base pair?

Answer 162

Cytosine

Question 163

How will the length of dsDNA affect T_m?

Answer 163

increase T_m

Question 164

If the unfolding of proteins is considered **cooperative**, what type of curve would this generate on a graph?

Answer 164

Sigmoidal

Question 165

What is the wavelength of a 500nm wave that has it's frequency doubled?

Answer 165

250nm

Question 166

How is it that fatty acids are able to fluoresce without conjugation?

Answer 166

Dye is trapped inside micelles upon their formation

Question 167

What is the relationship between protein adherence in a column to the concentration of eluting fluid needed?

Answer 167

Directly proportional _{more strongly adhering proteins (oppositely charged from column media) must be washed with a stronger solution to wash off}

Question 168

What is the difference between denaturing and reducing?

Answer 168

* **Denaturing** means that the molecule has H-bonding interrupted only * **Reducing** means the disulfide linkages are disrupted

Question 169

Which type of amino acid is least likely to be found in a transmembrane domain?

Answer 169

Charged amino acids

Question 170

What is the average molecular weight of an amino acid?

Answer 170

110 Da

Question 171

What does a Hill Coefficient greater than 1 mean?

Answer 171

The molecule exhibits cooperativity

Question 172

What explains cells having multiple protein isoforms?

Answer 172

Alternative splicing

Question 173

An enzyme is more effectively inhibited by uncompetitive inhibitors when substrate concentration is increased or decreased?

Answer 173

Increased, because uncompetitive inhibitors only bind the enzyme-substrate complex. inhibitor must wait until more enzyme substrate complexes have been created to operate efficiently