Definitions

Question 1

Titration is the process of finding the concentration of an unknown solution (the ______)by reacting it with a solution of known concentration (the ______).

Answer 1

Analyte

Titrant

Question 2

Which phenomenon will an animal trainer most likely try to avoid when training a rabbit for a television commercial?

Answer 2

Instinctual Drift

Question 3

Define the following:

1. Culture lag
2. Cultural assimilation
3. Culture shock
4. Cultural transmission

Answer 3

1. Culture takes time to catch up with technological changes
2. Combining cultures; they become the same/similar
3. Disoriented with a new culture
4. Cultural learning

Question 4

Why do the circles in the middle look different size?

Answer 4

Context effects

_{is an aspect of cognitive psychology that describes the influence of environmental factors on one’s perception of a stimulus}

Question 6

Define:

• Social Capital
• Cultural Capital

Answer 6

• “Interpersonal relationships and other stuff like that.” - Dr. Charles Princeton

_{the potential for social networks to allow for upward social mobility}

• Knowledge, skills and education. Associated with differences in social status

_{refers to the non-financial social assets that promote social mobility (Education)}

Question 7

What the hell is Intersectionality?

Answer 7

how identity categories intersect in systems of social stratification.

Question 8

cDNA is best described as

Answer 8

complementary DNA

it is complementary to an mRNA strand, (antisense)

Question 9

Define:

• Proximal sensory stimuli
• Distal sensory stimuli?

Answer 9

• Proximal = the stimulus registered by the sensory receptors
• Distal = the actual image

Question 10

Define an Analagous Structure between organisms.

Answer 10

The wing of a bee and the wing of a bird

Question 11

Define a Homologous Structure between organisms.

Answer 11

The arm of a human and the flipper of a walrus

Question 13

What did Asch’s experiment contend?

Answer 13

Social pressure from a majority group could cause people to conform

Question 14

Fundamental Attribution error is when an individual interprets another’s actions incorrectly by overemphasizing ___________ instead of external events.

Answer 14

internal characteristics

Question 15

Define the Venturi effect in the physics of fluids.

Answer 15

Narrower tube –> faster fluid –> lower pressure

Question 16

What experimental Bias is described below?

Arises from educated professionals using their knowledge in an inconsistent way by searching for an outcome disproportionately in certain populations.

Answer 16

Detection Bias

Question 17

What bias is described below?

Behavior of subjects is altered simply by knowing that they are being studied.

Answer 17

Hawthorne Effect

Question 18

What bias is described below?

A type of response bias tendency of survey respondants to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others

Answer 18

Social Desirability Bias

Question 20

What type of study was performed below:

Assess outcome status and then assess for exposure history.

Answer 20

Case-control Study

Question 21

What type of study was performed below:

Assess both exposure and outcome at the same point in time.

Answer 21

Cross-sectional Study

Question 22

What type of study was performed below:

Record exposures throughout time and then assess the rate of a certain outcome.

Answer 22

Cohort study

Question 23

What variable is described below:

An extraneous variable that relates to BOTH the dependent and independent variables.

Answer 23

Confounding variable

Question 24

What variable is described below:

The means by which the IV affects the DV. It is the “middleman” between the IV and DV.

Answer 24

Mediating variable

Question 25

What variable is described below:

Influences the already established relationship between the IV and DV. It affects the strength of the relationship between the two variables.

Answer 25

Moderating variable

Question 26

# Define: * Validity * Reliability

Answer 26

* Validity - accurate * Reliability - consistent

Question 27

In operant conditioning, what does the term "thinning" refer to?

Answer 27

reducing the frequency of rewards

Question 28

What is the House Money Effect?

Answer 28

After a prior gain, people become more open to assuming risk since the new money is not treated as one's own

Question 29

Define Surfactant:

Answer 29

Amphiphatic molecules that reduce the surface tension of a liquid. _{most common is pulmonary surfactant, who's adsorption allows the lungs to remain inflated during respiration.}

Question 30

A process known as _______ occurs when the attractive force of an ion molecule causes a thin shell of water molecules to surround it.

Answer 30

“hydration” or “solvation” _{when hydrophillic interactions occur, a favorably high entropy when hydrophobic interactions occur, an unfavorably low entropy results, forming a solvation shell around the hydrophobic groups}

Question 31

Define the **Common Ion Effect**

Answer 31

When a salt is added to a solution containing one of it's constituent molecules, potentially leading to precipitate. _{For example, if NaBr is added to a solution already containing NaCl, the NaBr may precipitate out because there is already Na+ present in the solution.}

Question 32

According to the Common Ion Effect, **how will the K_sp be influenced** when NaBr is added to a solution of NaCl?

Answer 32

Will not change, It is temperature dependent

Question 33

Define Solubility

Answer 33

The amount of a compound that is actually dissolved in a solution

Question 34

What cells remain primarily in the G₀ phase?

Answer 34

Cells that do not replicate! They remain as they are! _{Examples include Neurons. An easy way to decide is to determine how specialized a specific cell is. More specialized cells spend more time in G0.}

Question 35

Define **Chelation** in the context of solubility equilibra.

Answer 35

When a central cation is bonded to the same ligand in multiple places. **Chelation therapy** sequesters toxic metals.

Question 36

Role conflict

Answer 36

tension between multiple roles _{being a physician, parent and spouse}

Question 37

Role Strain

Answer 37

Tension within a single role Should i work more hours or should i go to work?

Question 38

Status

Answer 38

socially defined position within a society

Question 39

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Answer 39

Organizations (such as bureacracies) tend to shift toward being ruled by an elite group

Question 40

Reference group

Answer 40

standard measure that people compare themselves to

Question 41

Category Aggregate

Answer 41

group of people in history class people in the same space, but don't interact

Question 42

# Define the following: * Self-Concept/Identity/Perspective * Self-Schema * Self-Consciousness

Answer 42

* How an individual defines themself * (an awareness of oneself) because it includes physical, psychological, and social attributes * **ADDRESSING** * Own beliefs of yourself * Awareness of yourself _{SS + SS = SC}

Question 43

If ideal self is similar to real self, the result is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 43

positive self-concept

Question 44

Usually, ideal self is an impossible standard, and the result is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

incongruity

Question 45

incongruity

Answer 45

When real self not equal to Ideal self

Question 46

based on social desirability, wanting to be accepted or admired by otherso

Answer 46

Normative influence –

Question 47

Social comparison

Answer 47

evaluating our opinions by comparing them to those of others

Question 48

What is emf in a circuit?

Answer 48

It is the amount of energy needed to maintain a potential difference between its terminals. creates current. a.k.a. voltage

Question 49

Define **Stimulus motives**

Answer 49

innate motives that are not necessary for survival

Question 50

Define **motion parallax**

Answer 50

monocular cue that gives the perceptual sense of relative motion

Question 51

Define long-term potentiation

Answer 51

When neurons are constantly fired, their fire rate increases, which is known as long-term potentiation.

Question 52

Spatial Inequality

Answer 52

Results from the uneven distribution of wealth and resources across a given area _{ex: projects, ghettos}

Question 53

Dependency ratio

Answer 53

Ratio of unproductive people in a society (babies and oldies) over productive people in a society (working class)

Question 54

Define chunking

Answer 54

Effortful cognitive processing that organizes items to be memorized in broader categories to facilitate memory.

Question 55

Describe ethnographic methods

Answer 55

extended observation of a complete social environment.

Question 56

Define Method of Loci

Answer 56

Incorporating an image in addition to information to improve recall