Random pathologies

Question 1

Meckels diverticulum

Answer 1

Where the distal ileum herniates into the remnant of the vitalliene duct

Question 2

Hirschprung’s disease

Answer 2

Absence of ANS innervation in colon, cannot relax, no peristalsis

Question 3

Schatzi Ring/ Web

Answer 3

Associated w/ hiatus hernia, etiology uncertain
Thin mucosal membrane found distally in oesophagus
Difficulty swallowing

Question 4

Zenker’s diverticulum

Answer 4

Excessive pressure→ weakest portion of pharynx balloons out

More common in elderly

Question 5

Achalasia

Answer 5

(similar to hirschprungs) Degeneration of myenteric plexus→ LOS inhibitory nn.–> loss of peristalsis in distal oesophagus and failure of LOS to relax w/ swallow
Oesophagus dilates/ stretches
“bird’s beak” on X-Ray

Question 6

Scleroderma

Answer 6

CT disease w/ fibrosis of skin, submucosa, m. layer, and nn. → rubbery oesophagus→ absent peristalsis, weak contraction, LOS no tone
Dysphagia, severe reflux

Question 7

Abnormal gastric motility -rapid

Answer 7

e.g. Post gastric surgery. Undigested food leads to osmotic diarrhoea ‘dumping syndrome’

Question 8

Abnormal gastric motility- delayed

Answer 8

e.g. in diabetic neuropathy

Question 9

Gastric MALToma

Answer 9

Non aggressive cancer of the stomach