Random path Flashcards
CCl4
converted to ccl3 by p450 system; results in cell injury w/ swelling of RER; ribosomes detach, fuck up protein synthesis; decreased apolipoproteins = fatty changes in liver
clinical findings of systemic amyloidosis
nephrotic syndrome
restrictive cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia
tongue enlargement, malabsorption, and hepatosplenomegaly
dialysis associated amyloidosis
b2- microglobulin deposits in joints
what does LTB4 do
attracts and activates neutrophils
what do LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 do
vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, and increased vascular permeability
kinin system
activated by XII; cleaves HMWK to bradykinin –> mediates vasodilation and increased vascular permability and pain
B7 on APC binds to what, providing the second activation signal for the activation of T cells
CD28 on CD4 helper T cells
antinuclear antibody
sensitive to lupus
antidsdNA
highly specific to lupus
antihistone
drug-induced SLE
anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant
most common antibodies; FP syphilis test anf falsely elevated PTT
sjogren syndrome
type IV hypersensitivity; ANA and anti-SS A/ Ro and anti SS-B/La
zinc (wound healing)
cofactor of collagenase; replaces type III collagen of granulation tissue with a strong type 1 collagen
carcinomas that spread hematogenously
RCC (renal vein)
HCC (hepatic vein)
follicular carcinoma of thyroid
choriocarcinoma
causes of renal artery stenosis
atherosclerosis (old males) fibromuscular dysplasia (young females)
atherosclerosis
consists of necrotic lipid core (mostly cholesterol) w/ fibromuscular cap; often undergoes dystrophic calcifications
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
proteins leaking into the vessel producing vascular thickening; proteins are seen as pink hyaline on microscopy
MCC of death in aortic dissection
pericardial tamponade
how can you tell if aortic stenosis is a result of chronic rheumatic fever?
coexisting mitral stenosis, fusion of aortic valve commissures
complications of aortic stenosis
concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
angina and syncope w/ exercise (decreased perfusion of myocardium and brain shit)
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (RBCs are damaged while crossing calcified value )
complications of aortic regurg
LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy (volume overload)
pulse pressure increased: diastolic pressure decreased due to regurg, while systolic pressure increases due to increased SV
TOF is caused by
anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Transposition of great vessels is caused by
failure of aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
what is the problem with the cystic fibrosis
phenyalanine isn’t coded, when CFTR gets to the golgi apparatus –> it is supposed to be modified and secreted to the cell surface, but instead gets degraded in the cell; golgi fucked up
talk about lungs and cystic fibrosis
Na is being reabsorbed out of the fucking secretions shit and then chloride cant be pumped into the lumen of the airway so then get thick secretions and this same thing happens in the pancreas
history of acute pancreatitis then after a mass in the abdomen after 10 days
pseudocyst –> lot of fluid accumulation around an inflamed pancreas and forms a false capsule and has a potential to rupture
RUQ w/ dystrophic calcification
chronic pancreatitis; can see chains of lake pattern due to dilatation of pancreatic ducts
acute pancreatitis w. inflammation; what will this do to peristalsis of duodenum next to it?
stop peristalsis, there will be air in that area –> localized ileus
what two effects do OCPs and anabolic steroids have in common
produce benign intrahepatic cholestatis and liver cell adenoma which is susceptible to rupture
hypoxemia: low PaO2 high altitude
decreased PaO2 and decreased SaO2 increased PACO2
hypoventilation
increased PACo2 and decreased PA02 (Co2 piles up in the lungs)
