Random Notes Exam 1

Question 1

2 atoms come together, share 1 or more outer shell electrons

Answer 1

covalent bond

Question 2

E required to move object 1 m against 1N

Answer 2

1 joule

Question 3

least amount of relative bond strength

Answer 3

average thermal motion

Question 4

rank relative bond strength form least to greatest

Answer 4

average thermal motion -> non covalent bond break in h2o -> ATP hydrolysis in cell -> green light -> c-c bond breakage -> complete glucose oxidation

Question 5

highes trelative bond strength

Answer 5

complete glucose oxidation

Question 6

electrostatic attracting between fully charged atoms

Answer 6

ionic bonds

Question 7

at a neutral charge, how are electrons distributed, and what does this cause

Answer 7

distributed asymmetrically, causes polarization

Question 8

h bonds are strongest when

Answer 8

the 3 atom are in line

Question 9

what would be the consequence of having covalent bonds between bp in double helix

Answer 9

would require much more energy to break, affecting replication

Question 10

type of reaction that brings 2 molecules together

Answer 10

condensation reaction

Question 11

type of reaction that breaks 2 molecules apart

Answer 11

hydrolysis

Question 12

pair of molecules that exist in 2 mirror images of each other

Answer 12

enantiomers

Question 13

most amino acids in nature are in what configuration

Answer 13

L config

Question 14

only nonchiral AA

Answer 14

glycine

Question 15

why are enantiomers important

Answer 15

can have completely different function s

Question 16

nucleotides normally in what configuration

Answer 16

D

Question 17

1 ring base makes it what

Answer 17

pyrimidine

Question 18

2 ring base is what

Answer 18

purine

Question 19

sugar used in RNA

Answer 19

beta - d - ribose

Question 20

sugar used in DNA

Answer 20

beta -d - 2 deoxyribose

Question 21

base +sugar is what

Answer 21

nucleoside

Question 22

base plus sugar + phosphate is what

Answer 22

nucleotide

Question 23

what chemicals can help break down disulfide bridges

Answer 23

DTT and 2ME

Question 24

link inter and intra polypeptide regions

Answer 24

disulfide bridges

Question 25

which amino acid involved in disulfide bridges

Answer 25

cysteine

Question 26

antibodies won't work on what kinds of proteins

Answer 26

linearized

Question 27

for alpha helix, what is bonded to what, how far away

Answer 27

n-h is bonded to c=o 4 peptide bonds away

Question 28

alpha helix is incompatible with what

Answer 28

R groups

Question 29

form from h bonds of neighboring polypeptide backbones

Answer 29

beta sheet

Question 30

2 ways that beta sheet can be

Answer 30

parallel or antiparallel

Question 31

R groups are what compared to plan e of beta sheet

Answer 31

perpendicular

Question 32

antibody consists of what kinds of chains and how many

Answer 32

2 light, 2 heavy

Question 33

antibodies stabilized by what

Answer 33

disulfide bonds

Question 34

2 regions of antibodies

Answer 34

variable and constant

Question 35

loops of antibody bind what

Answer 35

antigens

Question 36

if there is more conservation of sequence in a protein domain, what does that mean

Answer 36

there is selective pressure to prevent diversion

Question 37

what does it mean if a domain has become modular

Answer 37

sequence can be used in other genes

Question 38

length of branch of phylogenetic tree means what

Answer 38

amount o f similarity

Question 39

protein kinase does what

Answer 39

adds phosphate group to protein

Question 40

permits analysis of protein composition and size

Answer 40

SDS page

Question 41

what breaks disulfide bridges in SDS page

Answer 41

mercaptoethanol

Question 42

SDS coats what with what

Answer 42

peptides with negative charge

Question 43

proteins in gel revealed by

Answer 43

comassie blue staining

Question 44

detects specific proteins

Answer 44

western blotting

Question 45

generates antibodies when recognized by immune system

Answer 45

antigen

Question 46

binding site on the antigen the antibody binds to

Answer 46

epitope

Question 47

antibodies produced by injecting

Answer 47

animals with a target peptide sequence -> harvest those produced antibodies

Question 48

loops give what

Answer 48

specificity

Question 49

what are the only amino acids that can be phosphorylated

Answer 49

serine, threonine, tyrosine

Question 50

forms kink in alpha helix

Answer 50

proline

Question 51

mitochondria was absorbed by what

Answer 51

archaea

Question 52

essential feature of DNA that allows speciation

Answer 52

inheritance

Question 53

same gene across 2 diff species

Answer 53

ortholog

Question 54

model organism used for fundamental mechanics of life

Answer 54

ecoli

Question 55

model organism crucial to cell cycle, meiosis, chromosomal org,

Answer 55

yeast