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Pathology Basics - step > Random mediators > Flashcards

Random mediators Flashcards

1
Q

list the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in margination and rolling of wbcs in extravasation

A

E selectin

P selectin

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2
Q

List the leukocyte proteins involved in margination and rolling of blood vessels in extravasation

A

Sialyl-Lewisx

L-selectin

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3
Q

List the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in tight binding of wbcs in extravasation

A

ICAM-1/CD54

VCAM-1/CD106

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4
Q

List the leukocyte proteins involved in tight binding of wbcs in extravasation

A

CD11/18 integrins - LFA-1 and Mac-1

VLA-4 integrin

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5
Q

List the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in diapedesis of wbcs in extravasation

A

PECAM-1/CD31

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6
Q

List the leukocyte proteins involved in diapedesis of wbcs in extravasation

A

PECAM-1/CD31

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7
Q

List the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in migration of wbcs in extravasation

A 
c5a
Il-8
Killikrien
PAF
LTB4
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8
Q

List ways that free radicals are produced

A 
radiation exposure
phase I metabolism reactions
redox reactions
nitric oxide
trasition metals
WBC respiratory burst
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9
Q

List ways the body removed free radicals

A

scavenging enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase
spontaneous decay
antioxidants - ACE
metal carrier proteins - transferrin, ceruloplasminq

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10
Q

what does PDGF do?

A 
secreted by platelets and MO
a) induces vascular remodeling
b) induces smooth muscle cell migration
c) stimulates fibroblasts for collagen synthesis (TGFbeta too)
ATHEROSCLEROSIS TIME
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11
Q

what does FGF do?

A

stimulates angiogenesis (TGFbeta and VEGF too)

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12
Q

what does EGF do?

A

stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ERBB2)

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13
Q

what does TGFbeta do? (wound healing)

A

angiogenesis (FGF and VEGF too)
fibrosis (PDGF too)
cell cycle arrest

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14
Q

what do metalloproteinases do?

A

tissue remodelling

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15
Q

what dose VEGF do?

A

stimulates angiogenesis (FGF and TGFbeta)

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16
Q

cells involved in inflammatory phase of wound healing?

A

platelets
PMN
MO

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17
Q

cells involved in proliferative phase of wound healing?

A 
fibroblasts
myofibroblasts
endothelial cells
keratinocytes
MO
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18
Q

cells involved in remodeling phase of wound healing?

A

fibroblasts

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19
Q

what increases ESR?

A

products of inflammation coasting RBC and causing aggregation

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20
Q

examples of dzs that increased ESR please :)

A 
most anaemias
infections
inflammation ex temporal arteritis
cancer - ex multiple myeloma
pregnancy
autoimuen disorders - SLE
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21
Q

examples of dzs that decreased ESR please :)

A 
sickle cell anaemia - altered cell shape
polycythemia - increase rbcs ''dilute'' aggregation products
heart failure
microcytosis
hypofibrinogenemia
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22
Q

deposition in primary amyloidosis

A

lambda (more so than kapp) light chain

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23
Q

deposition in secondary amyloidosis

A

serum amyloid A

24
Q

deposition in dialysis related amyloidosis

A

b2-microglobulin

25
Q

age-related/senile systemic amyloidosis

A

transthyretin

26
Q

organ specific amyloidosis - alzheiumer

A

beta-amyloid protein from amyloid precursor protein

27
Q

organ specific amyloidosis - DM II

A

islet amyloid polypeptide

28
Q

organ specific amyloidosis - medullary carcinoma of thyroid

A

A cal from calcitonin

29
Q

define: hyperplasia

A

increased in number of cells

30
Q

define: metaplasia

A

one adult cell is replaced by another

barrets and squamocervical cervix

31
Q

define: dysplasia

A

abnormal growth with loss of size, shape, orientation vrs normal tissue maturation
commonly PARANEOPLASTIC

32
Q

define: anaplasia

A

loss fo structural differentaiton and funcito of cells
resemble primitive cells of same tissue
undifferentiated malignant neoplasm
‘‘giant cells’ with single large nucleus/several nuclei

33
Q

define: neoplasia

A

uncontrolled, excessive clonal proliferation of cells

B or M

34
Q

define: desmoplasia

A

fibroud tissue formation in response to neoplasm

ex: linitus plastic @ gastric cancer

35
Q

`cytokiens involved in cachexia

A

TNFa, IL1 , IL6, IFNy

36
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome with Hodgkin lymphoma please

A

1,25 OH2 D3/calcitrol - hypercalcemia

37
Q

paraneoplastic syndrome with non Hodgkin lymphoma pelase

A

1,25 OH2 D3/calcitrol - hypercalcemia

activated MO do this

38
Q

neoplasm with cushign syndrome as paraneoplastic syndrome

A

increased ACTh from small cell carcinoma of lung
AND
renal cell carcinoma

39
Q

neoplasms causing SAIDh

A

increased ADH @ small cell carcinoma of lung

intracranial neoplasms

40
Q

lambert eaton syndrome as a paraneoplastic please

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

abs vrs presynaptic calcium channels at the NMJ

41
Q

polycythemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome please

A

increased EPO @

  • renal cell carcinoma
  • hemangioblastoma
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • leiomyoma
  • pheochromocytoma
42
Q

increased PTHrP as a paraneoplastic syndrome please

A

hypercalcemia @
squamous cell lung carcinoma
renal cell carcinoma
breast cancer

43
Q

paraneoplastics of hodfkin lympohma

A

hypercalcemia - increased calcitrol

44
Q

paraneoplastic of non Hodgkin lymphoma

A

hypercalcemia - increased calcitriol

45
Q

paraneoplastic of small cell lung carcinoma

A

ACTh - cushing
ADH - SIADH
ab- vg Ca++ - lambert eaton syndrome

46
Q

paraneoplastics of renal cell carcinoma

A

ACTH - cushing
EPO - polycythemia
PTHrp - hypercalcemia

47
Q

paraneoplastics of intracranial neoplasms

A

ADH - SIADH

48
Q

paraneoplastic of hemangioblastoma

A

EPO - polycythemia

49
Q

paraneoplastic of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

EPO - poycythemia

50
Q

paraneoplastic of leiomyoma

A

EPO - polycythemia

51
Q

paraneoplastic of pheochromocytoma

A

EPO - polycythemia

52
Q

paraneoplastic of breast cancer

A

PTHrp - hypercalcemia

53
Q

where do you find Psammoma bodiesÉ

A

Papillary thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant mesotheiuma

54
Q

if you see mets in brain, they most likely came from

A

1) lung
2) breast
3) prostate
4) melanoma
5) GIT

55
Q

if you see mets in the liver, they most likely came fromÉ

A

1) colon
2) stomach
3) pancrease
THINK OF PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM DRAINAGE

56
Q

if you see mets in the bone, they most likely came fromÉ

A

1) prostate, breast

2) lung, thyroid, kidney

Pathology Basics - step (6 decks)

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