Random mediators

Question 1

list the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in margination and rolling of wbcs in extravasation

Answer 1

E selectin

P selectin

Question 2

List the leukocyte proteins involved in margination and rolling of blood vessels in extravasation

Answer 2

Sialyl-Lewisx

L-selectin

Question 3

List the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in tight binding of wbcs in extravasation

Answer 3

ICAM-1/CD54

VCAM-1/CD106

Question 4

List the leukocyte proteins involved in tight binding of wbcs in extravasation

Answer 4

CD11/18 integrins - LFA-1 and Mac-1

VLA-4 integrin

Question 5

List the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in diapedesis of wbcs in extravasation

Answer 5

PECAM-1/CD31

Question 6

List the leukocyte proteins involved in diapedesis of wbcs in extravasation

Answer 6

PECAM-1/CD31

Question 7

List the vasculature/stromal proteins involved in migration of wbcs in extravasation

Answer 7

c5a
Il-8
Killikrien
PAF
LTB4

Question 8

List ways that free radicals are produced

Answer 8

radiation exposure
phase I metabolism reactions
redox reactions
nitric oxide
trasition metals
WBC respiratory burst

Question 9

List ways the body removed free radicals

Answer 9

scavenging enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase
spontaneous decay
antioxidants - ACE
metal carrier proteins - transferrin, ceruloplasminq

Question 10

what does PDGF do?

Answer 10

secreted by platelets and MO
a) induces vascular remodeling
b) induces smooth muscle cell migration
c) stimulates fibroblasts for collagen synthesis (TGFbeta too)
ATHEROSCLEROSIS TIME

Question 11

what does FGF do?

Answer 11

stimulates angiogenesis (TGFbeta and VEGF too)

Question 12

what does EGF do?

Answer 12

stimulates cell growth via tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ERBB2)

Question 13

what does TGFbeta do? (wound healing)

Answer 13

angiogenesis (FGF and VEGF too)
fibrosis (PDGF too)
cell cycle arrest

Question 14

what do metalloproteinases do?

Answer 14

tissue remodelling

Question 15

what dose VEGF do?

Answer 15

stimulates angiogenesis (FGF and TGFbeta)

Question 16

cells involved in inflammatory phase of wound healing?

Answer 16

platelets
PMN
MO

Question 17

cells involved in proliferative phase of wound healing?

Answer 17

fibroblasts
myofibroblasts
endothelial cells
keratinocytes
MO

Question 18

cells involved in remodeling phase of wound healing?

Answer 18

fibroblasts

Question 19

what increases ESR?

Answer 19

products of inflammation coasting RBC and causing aggregation

Question 20

examples of dzs that increased ESR please :)

Answer 20

most anaemias
infections
inflammation ex temporal arteritis
cancer - ex multiple myeloma
pregnancy
autoimuen disorders - SLE

Question 21

examples of dzs that decreased ESR please :)

Answer 21

sickle cell anaemia - altered cell shape
polycythemia - increase rbcs ''dilute'' aggregation products
heart failure
microcytosis
hypofibrinogenemia

Question 22

deposition in primary amyloidosis

Answer 22

lambda (more so than kapp) light chain

Question 23

deposition in secondary amyloidosis

Answer 23

serum amyloid A

Question 24

deposition in dialysis related amyloidosis

Answer 24

b2-microglobulin

Question 25

age-related/senile systemic amyloidosis

Answer 25

transthyretin

Question 26

organ specific amyloidosis - alzheiumer

Answer 26

beta-amyloid protein from amyloid precursor protein

Question 27

organ specific amyloidosis - DM II

Answer 27

islet amyloid polypeptide

Question 28

organ specific amyloidosis - medullary carcinoma of thyroid

Answer 28

A cal from calcitonin

Question 29

define: hyperplasia

Answer 29

increased in number of cells

Question 30

define: metaplasia

Answer 30

one adult cell is replaced by another | barrets and squamocervical cervix

Question 31

define: dysplasia

Answer 31

abnormal growth with loss of size, shape, orientation vrs normal tissue maturation commonly PARANEOPLASTIC

Question 32

define: anaplasia

Answer 32

loss fo structural differentaiton and funcito of cells resemble primitive cells of same tissue undifferentiated malignant neoplasm ''giant cells' with single large nucleus/several nuclei

Question 33

define: neoplasia

Answer 33

uncontrolled, excessive clonal proliferation of cells | B or M

Question 34

define: desmoplasia

Answer 34

fibroud tissue formation in response to neoplasm | ex: linitus plastic @ gastric cancer

Question 35

`cytokiens involved in cachexia

Answer 35

TNFa, IL1 , IL6, IFNy

Question 36

paraneoplastic syndrome with Hodgkin lymphoma please

Answer 36

1,25 OH2 D3/calcitrol - hypercalcemia

Question 37

paraneoplastic syndrome with non Hodgkin lymphoma pelase

Answer 37

1,25 OH2 D3/calcitrol - hypercalcemia activated MO do this

Question 38

neoplasm with cushign syndrome as paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 38

increased ACTh from small cell carcinoma of lung AND renal cell carcinoma

Question 39

neoplasms causing SAIDh

Answer 39

increased ADH @ small cell carcinoma of lung | intracranial neoplasms

Question 40

lambert eaton syndrome as a paraneoplastic please

Answer 40

small cell carcinoma of lung | abs vrs presynaptic calcium channels at the NMJ

Question 41

polycythemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome please

Answer 41

increased EPO @ * renal cell carcinoma * hemangioblastoma * hepatocellular carcinoma * leiomyoma * pheochromocytoma

Question 42

increased PTHrP as a paraneoplastic syndrome please

Answer 42

hypercalcemia @ squamous cell lung carcinoma renal cell carcinoma breast cancer

Question 43

paraneoplastics of hodfkin lympohma

Answer 43

hypercalcemia - increased calcitrol

Question 44

paraneoplastic of non Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 44

hypercalcemia - increased calcitriol

Question 45

paraneoplastic of small cell lung carcinoma

Answer 45

ACTh - cushing ADH - SIADH ab- vg Ca++ - lambert eaton syndrome

Question 46

paraneoplastics of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 46

ACTH - cushing EPO - polycythemia PTHrp - hypercalcemia

Question 47

paraneoplastics of intracranial neoplasms

Answer 47

ADH - SIADH

Question 48

paraneoplastic of hemangioblastoma

Answer 48

EPO - polycythemia

Question 49

paraneoplastic of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 49

EPO - poycythemia

Question 50

paraneoplastic of leiomyoma

Answer 50

EPO - polycythemia

Question 51

paraneoplastic of pheochromocytoma

Answer 51

EPO - polycythemia

Question 52

paraneoplastic of breast cancer

Answer 52

PTHrp - hypercalcemia

Question 53

where do you find Psammoma bodiesÉ

Answer 53

Papillary thyroid Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary Meningioma Malignant mesotheiuma

Question 54

if you see mets in brain, they most likely came from

Answer 54

1) lung 2) breast 3) prostate 4) melanoma 5) GIT

Question 55

if you see mets in the liver, they most likely came fromÉ

Answer 55

1) colon 2) stomach 3) pancrease THINK OF PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM DRAINAGE

Question 56

if you see mets in the bone, they most likely came fromÉ

Answer 56

1) prostate, breast | 2) lung, thyroid, kidney