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MCM Midterm > Random Knowledge > Flashcards

Random Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 enzymes in heme biosynthesis are inhibited by Pb

A
  • Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) DH

- Ferrochelatase

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2
Q

What are the markers of myocardial infarction

A

Creatine Kinase (CK-MB)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Isozyme of Lactate DH (LDH-1)
Troponin (cTn-I)

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3
Q

Malonyl CoA inhibits what enzyme in FA degradation

A

Carnitine Acyltransferase

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4
Q

Dietary cholesterol induces expression of which desaturase

A

9

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5
Q

Where is palmitate converted to longer chain FA’s?

A

SER or mitochondria

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6
Q

What is the precursor for EPA and DHA?

A

Linolenic acid (18:3)

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7
Q

Where does FA activation occur?

A

Cytosol

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8
Q

What length(s) of FA’s can diffuse into mitochondria without active transport?

A

Short and Medium chain FA’s

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9
Q

What type of transport is used by Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT)?

A

Secondary active
Antiport
FA-carnitine in and carnitine out

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10
Q

What are the 4 steps of B oxidation and the enzyme associated with each step?

A

Oxidation: Acyl CoA DH (ACAD)
Hydration: Enoyl CoA hydratase
Oxidation: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA DH
Thiolysis: Acetyl CoA Acetyltransferase (B:keto thiolase)

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11
Q

How many ATP does catabolism of palmitic acid give?

A

129

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12
Q

What 2 coenzymes are required in the B oxidation of odd numbered FA’s?

A

Biotin (B7) for Propionyl CoA Carboxylase

Cobalmin (B12) for Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

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13
Q

What enzyme is used in Peroxisomal B Oxidation instead of ACAD?

A

Acyl CoA oxidase

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14
Q

Where are Ketone bodies produced?

A

Liver ONLY

Mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes

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15
Q

How many ATP’s does acetoacetate yield?

A

23 ATP

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16
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of ketone body synthesis

A

HMG CoA synthase

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17
Q

Components of outer leaflet

A

Phosphatidylcholine
Glycolipids
Sphingomyelin

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18
Q

Components of inner leaflet

A

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylethanolamine

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19
Q

What components does Acid Sphingomyelinase normally break sphingomyelin into?

A

Ceramide and Phosphocholine

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20
Q

3 factors that influence membrane fluidity

A

Temp
Lipid composition
Cholesterol

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21
Q

Tetrodotoxin inhibits what kind of channel?

A

Sodium channel

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22
Q

In P type ATPases, what AA residue is phosphorylated?

A

Aspartate (D)

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23
Q

What type of transport does NCX utilize and how many of each ion is transported

A

Secondary active
Antiport
3 Na+ in
1 Ca2+ out

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24
Q

2 examples of P type ATPase

A

Na/K ATPase

Ca ATPase

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25
Q

What gene is botched in cystic fibrosis

A

CFTR

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26
Q

Alcohol calories/g

A

7

27
Q

Fat cal/g

A

9

28
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

29
Q

Obese BMI

A

30-40

30
Q

What part of small intestine is fat, iron and folate absorbed

A

Duodenum

31
Q

What part of small intestine is bile acids and Vit B12 absorbed

A

Ileum

32
Q

Which GLUT transporter has the lowest affinity

A

GLUT2

33
Q

Net yield of glycolysis

A

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate

34
Q

What enzymes in glycolysis result in the production of ATP

A
  • Phosphoglycerate kinase

- Pyruvate kinase

35
Q

PFK-1 Inhibitors

A
  • ATP

- Citrate

36
Q

3 irreversible steps of glycolysis

A

Hexokinase/glucokinase

PFK-1

Pyruvate kinase

37
Q

What monosaccharide(s) can glucokinase utilize as its substrate?

A

Only glucose

38
Q

Four fates of pyruvate

A

Reduced to lactate

Oxidized in TCA cycle to Acetyl CoA then CO2

Converted to alanine

Converted to ethanol

39
Q

Irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase
PEPCK
F 1,6 BPase
G6Pase

40
Q

What is the rate limiting step on gluconeogenesis and what step of glycolysis does it bypass?

A

F1,6 BPase

PFK-1

41
Q

3 subunits of G6Pase

A
  • Catalytic unit
  • G6P/Pi antiporter
  • GLUT7
42
Q

GLUT5 is responsible for the uptake of which monosaccharide

A

Fructose

43
Q

Polyol Pathway

A

GLucose —> Sorbitol via aldose reductase

Sorbitol —> fructose via sorbitol DH

44
Q

4 phases of Purine synthesis

A
  1. Ribose 5-P activation
  2. PRPP to PRA
  3. Construct the IMP ring
  4. Conversion of IMP to (d)ATP and (d)GTP
45
Q

5 sources of ring atoms for purine bases

A 
CO2
Gly
Gln
Asp
N10-formyl THF
46
Q

5 sources of ring atoms for pyrimidine synthesis

A 
HCO3-
Gln
Asp
N5
N10- methylene THF
47
Q

Formation of carbamoyl phosphate is the committed step of de novo pyrimidine synthesis TRUE/FALSE

A

False, the formation of carbamoyl aspartate is the committed step

48
Q

What enzyme does 5-fluorouracil inhibit

A

Thymidylate synthase

49
Q

Treatment of orotic aciduria

A

Oral uridine

50
Q

Which enzyme in the degradation of nucleotides converts short oligomers to NMPs/dNMPs

A

Phosphodiesterases

51
Q

Overproduction of ADA leads to what condition

A

Hemolytic anemia

52
Q

Underproduction of ADA leads to what condition

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

53
Q

What is the name of the crystals formed in Gout

A

Monosodium Urate Crystals (MSU)

54
Q

Leach Nyhan and Kelley Seegmiller syndrome are both deficiencies of which enzyme?

A

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)

55
Q

Deficiency in what two enzymes will lead to galactosemia

A

GALT

Galactokinase

56
Q

NADPH is produced during PPP in two steps involving which two enzymes

A

G6PD

6-Phosphogluconate DH

57
Q

How does glucagon effect glycogenesis/glycogenolysis

A

Effects liver only, no effect on muscle
Inhibition of glycogenesis
Stimulation of glycogenolysis

58
Q

Effect of AMP on Glycogen phosphorylase

A

Stimulation of GP in MUSCLE ONLY

59
Q

What enzyme cleaves trypsinogen

A

Enterokinase

60
Q

OAA is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s

A 
Asp
Asn
Met
Thr
Ile
Lys
61
Q

Pyruvate is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s

A

Ala
Val
Leu

62
Q

a-ketoglutarate is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s

A

Glu
Gln
Pro
Arg

63
Q

3-Phosphoglycerate is a biosynthetic precursor for which AA’s

A

Ser
Cys
Gly

MCM Midterm (6 decks)

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