Random Hip/Ankle/Foot anatomy Flashcards
Inverted Y ligament of the hip; located anteriorly and is the strongest
Iliofemoral lig
What does the iliofemoral lig limit?
- Extension
- IR (with extension)
- ER (with flexion)
Which ligament of the hip is located anteriorly and limits hip abduction?
pubofemoral lig
Which ligament of the hip is located posteriorly and limits hip ER?
Ischiofemoral lig
What are the ligaments of the medial ankle?
Deltoid ligament
- very strong ligament
- if injured, usually associated with avulsion fracture
What are the ligaments of the lateral ankle? which is most commonly inured in lateral ankle sprain?
- Anterior talofibular (ATF; most commonly injured)
- Calcaneiofibular
- Posterior talofibular (PTF)
What is in the first layer of the foot?
- Abductor hallicus (MP S1,2)
- Flexor digitorum brevis (MP S1,2)
- Abductor digiti minimi (LP S2,3)
What is in the second layer of the foot?
- Quadratus plantae (MP S1,2)
- Lumbricals (1st = MP S1,2; 2-4 = LP S2,3)
- FHL tendon
- FDL tendon
What is in the third layer of the foot?
- Flexor hallucis brevis ( MP
- Adductor hallucis (LP)
- Flexor digit minimi (LP)
What is in the fourth layer of the foot?
- 3 Plantar interossei (LP)
- 4 dorsal interossei (LP)
- Fibularis longus tendon
- Tibialis posterior tendon
What is deep to the first layer of the foot?
Superficial neurovascular plane
- Post. Tibial artery - Comes in on medial side, below abductor hallucis muscle; Splits into lateral and medial plantar arteries
- Superficial MP n. and LP n. - Tibial nerve follows same path; Splits into lateral and medial plantar nerves
What is deep to flexor digitorum brevis?
plantar digital nerves
What is deep to the 3rd layer of the foot?
Deep neurovascular plane
-deep branches of medial lateral plants nerves and arteries
What nerve supplies the skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
Superficial fibular cutaneous nerve
- dorsal medial cut. n.
- dorsal intermediate cut. n.
What nerve supplies the skin on the lateral and posterior part of inferior ⅓ of leg, and lateral side of foot and lateral side of 5th toe?
Sural nerve
What nerve supplies the skin on the most of the sole of the heel?
tibial nerve
What nerve supplies the skin on the lateral sole of the foot?
lateral plantar nerve
What nerve supplies the skin on the medial sole of the foot?
medial plantar nerve
What nerve supplies the skin to the anteromedial leg and angle, and distal to head of 1st metatarsal?
Saphenous nerve
- follows the track of great saphenous v in leg
What tendon runs through the susentaculum tali?
Flexor hallucis longus
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg? what nerve supplies it? what artery is contained in this compartment?
- Tibialis anterior (L4,5)
- Extensor hallucis longus (L5,S1)
- Extensor digitorum longus (L5,S1)
- Fibularis tertius (L5,S1)
- deep fibular nerve
- Tibialis anterior a.
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg? what nerve supplies it?
- Fib longus (also common fib n., L5,S1)
- Fib brevis (L5,S1)
- superficial fibular nerve
Where does common fibular nerve split into superficial and deep fib nerve?
deep to fib longus
What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg? what nerve supplies it?
- gastrocnemius (S1,2)
- soleus (S1,2)
- plantaris (S1,2)
- sural nerve
What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg? what nerve supplies it? what artery is contained in this compartment?
- Popliteus (L4,5,S1)
- FDL (L5,S1,2)
- FHL (L5,S1,2)
- Tibialis posterior (L4,5)
- tibial nerve
- tibialis posterior a.
What vein starts medially, goes up and posterior and travels into the femoral triangle?
Great saphenous vein
What is the network of veins of the foot?
Dorsal venous arch
What vein begins posterior to the lateral malleolus, travels up the lateral leg, goes into the popliteal fossa, dives deep and drains into the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous vein
What retinaculum holds tom, dick and harry structures in place?
Flexor retinaculum
What is deep to extensor retinaculum (medial to lateral order)?
- TA tendon
- EHL tendon
- EDL tendon
What is deep to the EDL tendon?
- ED brevis
2. EH brevis
What is deep to ED brevis?
- Dorsalis pedis artery
- perforating branch of fib artery and its branch to lateral malleolar a
- Deep fib nerves and its branches
What is the lateral border the insertion site of? Medial? inferior? Superior?
Lateral border – insertion of vastus laterals
Medial border – insertion of vastus medialis
Inferior border – patellar lig attachment
Superior border – Rectus femoris and Vastus intermedius insertion
What is the shape of the medial tibial condyle? meniscus?
Oval; C-shaped
What is the shape of the lateral tibial condyle? meniscus?
Circular; O-shaped
The capsule of the knee is prolonged inferolaterally over the popliteus muscle to the head of the fibula, forming what ligament?
Arcuate popliteal ligament
- travels superomedial over tendon of popliteus to attach to intercondylar area of tibia and lateral epicondyle of femur
What are the 5 intrinsic ligaments of the knee joint capsule?
- Patellar ligament
- Fibular collateral ligament
- Tibial collateral ligament
- Oblique popliteal ligament
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
bursa between patella ligament and proximal tibia (helps flexion into extension)
Deep infra patellar bursa
Which collateral ligament is thin and round? which is broad?
- LCL (5cm) - Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fib
- MCL (8-9cm) - medial epicondyle of femur to medial epicondyle and proximal medial surface of tibia
What ligament splits the biceps femurs in two?
LCL
- popliteus passes deep to it separating from lat meniscus
- fatty tissue separates from joint capsule inferiorly
- superior portion is considered intrinsic to capsule
What ligament is an extension of semimembranous tendon?
oblique popliteal ligament
-travels superolateral to insert into centra part of capsule
What is contained in the superficial popliteal fascia?
- Small saphenous v.
- Posterior femoral cut. n.
- Medial sural n. (starts here)
- Lateral sural n. (starts here)
What nerve supplies the skin of the posterior thigh?
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
What is contained in the popliteal fossa?
- Popliteal artery and vein
- Tibial nerve
- common fibular nerve
What vein ascends from medial side of popliteal artery to the lateral side and ends at the adductor hiatus where it becomes the femoral vein?
Popliteal vein
What nerve supplies the skin of the anterior and lateral leg and the dorsal of the foot?
common fibular nerve
What nerve supplies the skin between the 1st and 2nd toe?
deep fibular nerve
What makes up the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superior - Inguinal ligament
Medial - Medial border of adductor longus (in triangle)
Lateral - Medial border of sartorial (out triangle)
What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle (medial to lateral)?
- Adductor longus muscle
- Pectineus muscle
- Iliopsoas muscle
What is contained in the femoral triangle (medial to lateral)?
Femoral Vein, Artery, Nerve
VAN
What anterior rami make up the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
What is in the lesser sciatic notch?
- Obturator internus muscle
- Nerve to obturator internus muscle
- Pudendal nerve and vessels (also in greater)
What is in the greater sciatic notch?
- Superior gluteal nerve and vessels
- Piriformis muscle
- Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
- Sciatic nerve
- Nerve to superior gemellus and obturator
What is the obturator foramen a passageway for?
Obturator nerve and vessels to medial thigh
What structures pass over the pelvic brim?
- Tendon of the iliacus muscle
- Tendon of the psoas major muscle
- Femoral Nerve, Artery and Vein
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
- Lymph vessels
What nerve supplies the anterior lateral thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
What nerve supplies the skin to the medial half of the anterior thigh?
Medial and intermediate femoral cut. n.
What nerve supplies the skin to the upper medial thigh?
obturator n.
What are the two joints of the ankle?
- Talocrural joint (mortise joint) allows DF and PF
2. Subtalar joint - allows eversion, inversion, IR, ER,
What ligament stabilizes the talocrural joint and allow little movement between the bit and fibula?
tibiofibular lig
What are the ligaments of the lateral ankle? what motions do they resist?
ATF, CF, PTF
- rests IR, anterior displacement, and inversion
What are the ligaments of the medial ankle?
deltoid ligament
- if injured, often occurs with avulsion fx
