Cervical Spine Flashcards
What are symptoms of vertebral artery compromise?
- Vertigo
- nausea
- tinnitus
- fainting,
- visual disturbances
How are C1’s facets shaped?
Superior - face cranially to accept occipital condyles
Inferior - flat to slightly concave, lateral edges sloped downward approximately 30 degrees
How are C2’s facets shaped?
Superior - large, flat to slightly convex processes that generally face cranially, with 30* slope
What vertebrae is vertebral prominent?
C7
- large single pointed spinous process
What is the most important ligament of upper Spine complex?
Cruciform ligament
- prevents atlas from translating anterior on axis during flexion
- protects SC, medulla, and VAs
ROM at OA joint: flex, ext, rotation, lat flex
Flex = 5
Ext = 10
Rot = negligible
Lat flex = 5 per side
ROM at AA joint: flex, ext, rotation, lat flex
Flex = 5
Ext = 10
Rot = 40-45 each side*
Lat flex = negligible
ROM at C2-7 joints: flex, ext, rotation, lat flex
Flex = 35*
Ext = 70*
Rot = 45 each side
Lat flex = 35 each side*
Total ROM in the craniocervical region: flex, ext, rotation, lat flex
Flex = 45- 50
Ext = 85
Rot = 90 each side
Lat flex = 40 each side
Where does most degenerative changes occur in the Cspine?
C4-7
Coupling pattern in upper Cspine: Side flexion and rotation generally thought to occur to the ______ side
Opposite
- i.e., left lateral flexion is coupled with right rotation
Coupling pattern in lower Cspine (C2-7): Side bending and rotation occur to the ___ side
Same
What actions does protraction and retraction have on the Cspine?
- Protraction = Flexes the lower-to-mid cervical spine and extends the upper craniocervical region
- Retraction = Extends or straightens the lower-to-mid cervical spine and flexes the upper craniocervical region
What are symptoms of neoplastic conditions?
- Age over 50 years
- Previous history of cancer
- Unexplained weight loss
- Constant pain, no relief with bed rest
- Night pain
10 item self report functional outcome measure; Change of 6 points a clinician can be 90% confident a change has occurred
Neck disability index
- disability assessment
Pain type: presents with varying symptoms
intensity varies with different postures and positions; caused by placing abnormal stress and strain on anatomy
Mechanical pain
Pain type: more constant with no change in intensity or symptoms with change in position
Inflammatory pain
What 5 findings are consistent in ruling in compression fx?
- Age > 52 yrs
- No presence leg pain
- BMI < or = 22
- Doesn’t exercise regularly
- F gender