Random HD SBAs

Question 1

6 month old presents with lichen field plaques and excoriation. Family history of asthma and itchy dry skin. Diagnosis?

Answer 1

Probably eczema/atopic dermatitis

Lichenfield plaques = thickened, leathery, darkened skin due to constant scratching

Excoriation = repeated urge to pick at skin

Question 2

An infant born at 27 weeks gestation deteriorates at 7 days. There is marked distension of the abdomen and blood in the stools. Diagnosis?

Answer 2

Necrotising enterocolitis

Question 3

1 year old is being investigated for coeliac disease. where would a biopsy be taken?

Answer 3

duodenum (beyond the duodenal bulb) or jejunum

Question 4

9 day old baby collapses. Present with clinical shock, bilateral cryptorchidism AND prominent clitoral enlargement. Plasma sodium is 115 mol/L, serum potassium is 5.5 mmol/L. Diagnosis?

Answer 4

Pseudohermaphroditism

I think the sodium and potassium stuff are red herrings but idk

Question 5

health visitors in the UK international 3-5 year old child health screening program screen for what?

Answer 5

Pick 4:
Height 
Weight 
Vision 
Hearing 
Dyslexia
Autism 
Speech + language

Question 6

29 week premature baby weigh 1.125kg - ground glass and air bronchogram. Diagnosis?

Answer 6

Ground glass = surfactant deficiency

Will have think skin, hypothermia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 7

CHD - what is most true?
a. PGE can be used to treat transposition of the great vessels

b. Cyanosis is commonly seen in ASDs
c. something about VSDs and left to right shunt

Answer 7

PGE is used to keep the baby alive - arterial switch operation is the definitive treatment

Cyanosis can be seen if ASD is left untreated

VSD is a left to right shunt

Question 8

A baby with Down’s is vomiting all feeds and has a swollen abdomen, what is the diagnosis?

a. duodenal atresia
b. ileal atresia
c. congenital hypertrophic pyloric sphincter

Answer 8

Duodenal atresia is most likely cause

Question 9

US is done at 23 weeks gestation. What is it used to diagnose?

a. Pre-eclampsia
b. Nuchal translucency
c. Congenital heart disease

Answer 9

Nuchal translucency

Question 10

HELLP syndrome (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count) at 36 week gestation. What should the next step be?

Answer 10

Induce labour

Question 11

Patient presents with oligomenorrhoea and GP suspects PCOS. What is the most important diagnostic test?

Answer 11

Answer says mid-cycle progesterone or gonadotrophin assay (tests ovulatory function)
Other answers could be Rotterdam criteria, US (more definitive in the diagnosis of PCOS)
- depends on the options given

Question 12

A 30 y/o female comes into the fertility clinic. She is obese and shows signs of hirsutism. She has raised LH and androgen levels. Where is the cyst?

Answer 12

Ovaries

Question 13

How do you create an embryo with defective sperm?

Answer 13

ICSI (sperm is injected directly into the egg)

Question 14

In prostate adenocarcinoma, which region of the prostate is the tumour found?

Answer 14

Peripheral

Question 15

What is the target of sildenafil?

Answer 15

Phosphodiesterase type 5

Question 16

What haploid cell has corona radiate and zona pellucida?

Answer 16

Ovum

Question 17

What feature suggests hereditary predisposition to childhood cancers?

Answer 17

Answer was probably bilateral tumours, esp for kidneys –> have a connection with hereditary predisposition

Question 18

In exome sequencing, how many novel variants would you expect to see in each individual?

Answer 18

~150,000-180,000

Question 19

In a family tree, what does the symbol [circle with a line through it] mean?

Answer 19

deceased female

Question 20

What is the most severe type of FGM defined by WHO?

Answer 20

Type 3 (basically mostly scar tissue and only leaves a small vaginal orifice - all other structures have been removed)

Question 21

In a child with multiple bruises on the body, which other features will indicate abuse/non-accidental injury?

Answer 21

Spiral fracture of femur

• other option was femoral subosteal haemorrhage with increased epiphyseal calcification –> this is usually due to a severe hereditary neurologic disorder in young pts

Question 22

Where does spermatogenesis take place?

Answer 22

seminiferous tubules

Question 23

What is the structure that the vas deferens passes over while the femoral vessels travel under?

Answer 23

Inguinal ligament

Question 24

What structure is ciliated to assist in the passage of a FERTILISED egg?

Answer 24

Oviduct

Question 25

A child presents to A&E with a broken leg, having fallen with playing in the park 20 minutes earlier? Which of the following would lead to suspicion of child abuse?

Answer 25

History keeps changing

Question 26

A child presents with bruising all over the body. Which of the following signs would lead to suspicion of non-accidental injury?

Answer 26

Spiral fracture of the humerus

Question 27

Baby with bulging fontanelle, so a lumbar puncture was taken (results showed high protein and other things apparently) and the diagnosis was meningitis. What was the pathogen that used this?

Answer 27

Babies:
Group B Strep
E coli
Listeria

Older child:
neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenza B

Question 28

Which pregnancy hormone should usually increase testosterone production?

Answer 28

Oestrogen idk??

Question 29

Which anterior pituitary hormone can be given to someone to help them grow?

Answer 29

GH

Question 30

Baby with systolic murmur cyanosis, characteristic ECG and echocardiogram - what is the diagnosis?

Answer 30

Tricuspid atresia?

Or Persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 31

What is foetal loss at 20-24 weeks called?

Answer 31

Miscarriage

Question 32

Woman has normal development but menarche and sparse pubic hair. She also has 46 XY. What does she have?

Answer 32

Gonadal dysgenesis - specifically, Swyer’s syndrome

Question 33

15 y/o with no periods, broad chest and webbed neck. What does she have?

Answer 33

Turner’s syndrome