Random HD SBAs Flashcards
6 month old presents with lichen field plaques and excoriation. Family history of asthma and itchy dry skin. Diagnosis?
Probably eczema/atopic dermatitis
Lichenfield plaques = thickened, leathery, darkened skin due to constant scratching
Excoriation = repeated urge to pick at skin
An infant born at 27 weeks gestation deteriorates at 7 days. There is marked distension of the abdomen and blood in the stools. Diagnosis?
Necrotising enterocolitis
1 year old is being investigated for coeliac disease. where would a biopsy be taken?
duodenum (beyond the duodenal bulb) or jejunum
9 day old baby collapses. Present with clinical shock, bilateral cryptorchidism AND prominent clitoral enlargement. Plasma sodium is 115 mol/L, serum potassium is 5.5 mmol/L. Diagnosis?
Pseudohermaphroditism
I think the sodium and potassium stuff are red herrings but idk
health visitors in the UK international 3-5 year old child health screening program screen for what?
Pick 4: Height Weight Vision Hearing Dyslexia Autism Speech + language
29 week premature baby weigh 1.125kg - ground glass and air bronchogram. Diagnosis?
Ground glass = surfactant deficiency
Will have think skin, hypothermia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
CHD - what is most true?
a. PGE can be used to treat transposition of the great vessels
b. Cyanosis is commonly seen in ASDs
c. something about VSDs and left to right shunt
PGE is used to keep the baby alive - arterial switch operation is the definitive treatment
Cyanosis can be seen if ASD is left untreated
VSD is a left to right shunt
A baby with Down’s is vomiting all feeds and has a swollen abdomen, what is the diagnosis?
a. duodenal atresia
b. ileal atresia
c. congenital hypertrophic pyloric sphincter
Duodenal atresia is most likely cause
US is done at 23 weeks gestation. What is it used to diagnose?
a. Pre-eclampsia
b. Nuchal translucency
c. Congenital heart disease
Nuchal translucency
HELLP syndrome (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count) at 36 week gestation. What should the next step be?
Induce labour
Patient presents with oligomenorrhoea and GP suspects PCOS. What is the most important diagnostic test?
Answer says mid-cycle progesterone or gonadotrophin assay (tests ovulatory function)
Other answers could be Rotterdam criteria, US (more definitive in the diagnosis of PCOS)
- depends on the options given
A 30 y/o female comes into the fertility clinic. She is obese and shows signs of hirsutism. She has raised LH and androgen levels. Where is the cyst?
Ovaries
How do you create an embryo with defective sperm?
ICSI (sperm is injected directly into the egg)
In prostate adenocarcinoma, which region of the prostate is the tumour found?
Peripheral
What is the target of sildenafil?
Phosphodiesterase type 5
What haploid cell has corona radiate and zona pellucida?
Ovum
What feature suggests hereditary predisposition to childhood cancers?
Answer was probably bilateral tumours, esp for kidneys –> have a connection with hereditary predisposition
In exome sequencing, how many novel variants would you expect to see in each individual?
~150,000-180,000
In a family tree, what does the symbol [circle with a line through it] mean?
deceased female
What is the most severe type of FGM defined by WHO?
Type 3 (basically mostly scar tissue and only leaves a small vaginal orifice - all other structures have been removed)
In a child with multiple bruises on the body, which other features will indicate abuse/non-accidental injury?
Spiral fracture of femur
- other option was femoral subosteal haemorrhage with increased epiphyseal calcification –> this is usually due to a severe hereditary neurologic disorder in young pts
Where does spermatogenesis take place?
seminiferous tubules
What is the structure that the vas deferens passes over while the femoral vessels travel under?
Inguinal ligament
What structure is ciliated to assist in the passage of a FERTILISED egg?
Oviduct
A child presents to A&E with a broken leg, having fallen with playing in the park 20 minutes earlier? Which of the following would lead to suspicion of child abuse?
History keeps changing
A child presents with bruising all over the body. Which of the following signs would lead to suspicion of non-accidental injury?
Spiral fracture of the humerus
Baby with bulging fontanelle, so a lumbar puncture was taken (results showed high protein and other things apparently) and the diagnosis was meningitis. What was the pathogen that used this?
Babies:
Group B Strep
E coli
Listeria
Older child:
neisseria meningitidis
haemophilus influenza B
Which pregnancy hormone should usually increase testosterone production?
Oestrogen idk??
Which anterior pituitary hormone can be given to someone to help them grow?
GH
Baby with systolic murmur cyanosis, characteristic ECG and echocardiogram - what is the diagnosis?
Tricuspid atresia?
Or Persistent truncus arteriosus
What is foetal loss at 20-24 weeks called?
Miscarriage
Woman has normal development but menarche and sparse pubic hair. She also has 46 XY. What does she have?
Gonadal dysgenesis - specifically, Swyer’s syndrome
15 y/o with no periods, broad chest and webbed neck. What does she have?
Turner’s syndrome
