HD PBL 5 Flashcards
Which injections should be given at 8 weeks?
- diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB, Hep B
- pneumococcal
- meningococcal B
- rotavirus
Which injections should be given at 12 weeks?
- diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB, Hep B
- rotavirus
Which injections should be given at 16 weeks?
- diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, HiB, Hep B
- pneumococcal
- Men B
Which injections should be given at 1 year?
- Men C + HiB
- Men B
- Pneumococcal
- MMR
What causes whooping cough? What is the incubation period?
- Caused by Bordetella pertussis
- Incubation period is 10-14 days
What are the S+S displayed during the catarrhal stage of whooping cough?
- malaise
- fever
- nasal discharge
- conjunctivitis
- sore throat
What are the S+S displayed during the paroxysmal stage of whooping cough?
- prolonged cough with inspiratory whoop
- cyanosis
- vomiting
- subconjunctival haemorrhages
How is whooping cough treated?
Clartithromycin (oral macrolide) - give within 21 days
Describe herd immunity.
Reduced infection/disease in the unimmunised population as a result of immunisation of a proportion of the population
In terms of neonatal screening, when is the physical exam done and what are you looking for?
- within 72 hours and again at 6-8 weeks
- looking for:
1. cataracts
2. congenital heart defects
3. developmental dysplasia
4. undescended testes
When is the hearing screening done in neonates?
4-5 weeks
When is the neonatal blood spot screening performed? What conditions can be detected?
- perform 5-8 days
- detects:
1. congenital hypothyroidism (TSH)
2. cystic fibrosis (immunoreactive trypsinogen)
3. sickle cell disease
4. phenylketonuria
5. isovaleric acidaemia
6. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (octanoyl carnitine)
7. glutaric aciduria type 1
8. homocystinuria (pyroxidine is unresponsive)
9. maple syrup urine disease
(cute cats sometimes pee in my grandmother’s handbag, meow)
Define SIDs. When does it most often occur?
SIDs = sudden death of an infant (<1 y/o), whcih reamins unexplained after thorough investigation
- leading cause of infant death
Peak incidence = 1-3 months
What are strong risk factors for SIDs? What are the other risk factors?
Strong risk factors:
- sleeping in prone position
- co-sleeping
- smoking
- formula feeding
Other risk factors:
- male
- prematurity/LBW
- overheating
- lack of immunisation
- lower socioeconomic status
- maternal drug use
What is MCAAD and what complication can arise with this disorder?
- disorder of fatty acid metabolism
- the body is incapable of breaking down medium chain fatty acids
- cannot use fats for ATP generation in starvation
- means that there is continuous breakdown of glucose
- can lead to severe hypoglycaemia, hypoketonuria and death
What is the inheritance pattern for MCAAD?
Autosomal recessive
How is MCAAD diagnosed?
Raised octanoyl carnitine
What is the rate of SIDs in England and Wales?
0.3 deaths per 1000 live births
Name 3 other possible causes of infant mortality.
Any from:
- Lethal congenital malformations Infections
- Rare inherited conditions
- Accidents
- Non-accidental injury and infanticide
What does CONI stand for?
Care of the next infant
