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random GI Flashcards

1
Q

if you have haemochromotosis what cancer are you at increased risk o f

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

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2
Q

most common cause of pneumonia in children

A

strep pneumonia

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3
Q

giving aspirin to a child risks what syndrome

A

reyes

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3
Q

in paracentesis why is Iv human albumin solution given

A

requires ‘albumin cover’ to reduce paracentesis induced circulatory dysfunction

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4
Q

what should be given to patients before endoscopy with suspect varicela haemorrhage

A

antibitics and terlipressin

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5
Q

investigation of choice for suspected bowel ischaemia

A

CT

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6
Q

what is seen on biopsy in coeliac

A

villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes
lamina propria infiltration with lymphocytes

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7
Q

what should you suspect in a metabolic acidosis with low/ norm glucose

A

alcholic ketoacidosis

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8
Q

how do you differentiate between Iron deficiency anaeia and anaemia of chronic disease

A

TIBC is high in IDA and low/norm in chronic disease

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9
Q

what are norm fluis maintenance rates

A

25-30 ml/kg/d

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10
Q

metabolic state in addisons - inc anion gap

A

hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

normal anion gap

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11
Q

most common cause of large bowel obstruction

A

bowel cancer

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12
Q

most common casue of peritonitis seocndary to peritoneal dialysisi

A

staph epidermidis

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13
Q

serious complication of carbimazole

A

agranulocytosis

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14
Q

in heel prick test in neonates what is raised to warrant further investigation for CF. what further investigation is next

A

immunoreactive trypsinogen

sweat test done after

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15
Q

MOA of PPI

A

block K/H ATPase on parietal cell - reduced HCL production

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16
Q

role og HCL in stomach

A

covert pepsinogen to pepsin

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17
Q

treatment of diverticular disease

A

increase fibre in diet

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18
Q

risk factors for diverticulosis

A

incresasing age
low fibre diet

19
Q

complications of diverticular disease

A

pericolic abscess
fistula- colonvaginal etc
perforation
haemorrhage
stricture
divertilulitis
diverticular phlegmon

20
Q

treatment of intra-abdominal spesis

A

amox
met
gent

21
Q

what type of organism is bacillu scereus

how long does infection take to resolve

A

gram positive rod- bacilli

24 hours

22
Q

what causes of gastroenteritis have a short incubation period of 1-6 hours

A

staph aureus and bacillus cereus

23
Q

how does shiga toxin work

A

binds to RBC’s to cause cells desth

24
Q

how does e.coli cause HUS

A

via verotxin (shiga-like toxin)

25
Q

what products cause e.coli posinoning

A

beef

26
Q

food poisoning from a deli counter is likely to be from what organism

A

shigella

27
Q

what gastroenteritis if from food at room temp

A

staph aureus

28
Q

muscles of levatori ani

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
ilio coccygeus

29
Q

what is the screening programme for rectal cancer

A

50-75yrs 2 yearly stoole sample

30
Q

difference between a subtotal coloectomy and a total abdominal colectomy

A

subtotal - leaves sigmoid and rectum
total - leaves rectum

31
Q

complications of a stoma

A

pyschosocial
skin irritation
hernia
constipation
stenosis/obstruction
retraction, prolapse
granuloma - raised red lumps around
high output - dehydration and malnutrition

32
Q

diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis

A

dx - USS >4cm thickness
HIDA scan

TX - Iv ABX and cholecyst within 1 week

33
Q

diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis

A

amylase 3x normal limit for dx
or USS

TX - fluid and analgesia view to surgery

34
Q

whats more common primary liver cancer or mets

A

mets

35
Q

most common liver tumour in a non cirrhotic patient

A

haemangioma

36
Q

liver lesion with central scar

A

focal nodular hyperplasia

37
Q

liver lesion assoc with the pill and steroids

A

hepatic adenoma

38
Q

liver lesion in echinococcus infection

A

hyatadid cyst

39
Q

pianless juandice with palpable mass

A

pancreatic cancer (courvoiseiers law)

40
Q

investigation of choice in pancreatic cancer and management

A

high resolution CT
whipple

41
Q

investigation of choice in cholangiocarcinoma and main risk factor

A

PSC main risk factor
MRI/MRCP

42
Q

3 main causes of bowel obstruction

A

Adhesions (small bowel)
Hernias (small bowel)
Malignancy (large bowel)

43
Q

normal diameters of bowel seen in obstruction

A

3 cm small bowel
6 cm colon
9 cm caecum

44
Q

initial bowel obstruction management

A

IV fluids
NBM
drip and suck

45
Q

treatment of ascending cholangitis

A

iv abx
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after 24-48 hours to relieve any obstruction

46
Q

pain worse followign meal

A

gastric ulcer
chronic pancreatitis
gallstones

random (19 decks)

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