random GI Flashcards
if you have haemochromotosis what cancer are you at increased risk o f
hepatocellular carcinoma
most common cause of pneumonia in children
strep pneumonia
giving aspirin to a child risks what syndrome
reyes
in paracentesis why is Iv human albumin solution given
requires ‘albumin cover’ to reduce paracentesis induced circulatory dysfunction
what should be given to patients before endoscopy with suspect varicela haemorrhage
antibitics and terlipressin
investigation of choice for suspected bowel ischaemia
CT
what is seen on biopsy in coeliac
villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes
lamina propria infiltration with lymphocytes
what should you suspect in a metabolic acidosis with low/ norm glucose
alcholic ketoacidosis
how do you differentiate between Iron deficiency anaeia and anaemia of chronic disease
TIBC is high in IDA and low/norm in chronic disease
what are norm fluis maintenance rates
25-30 ml/kg/d
metabolic state in addisons - inc anion gap
hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis
normal anion gap
most common cause of large bowel obstruction
bowel cancer
most common casue of peritonitis seocndary to peritoneal dialysisi
staph epidermidis
serious complication of carbimazole
agranulocytosis
in heel prick test in neonates what is raised to warrant further investigation for CF. what further investigation is next
immunoreactive trypsinogen
sweat test done after
MOA of PPI
block K/H ATPase on parietal cell - reduced HCL production
role og HCL in stomach
covert pepsinogen to pepsin
treatment of diverticular disease
increase fibre in diet
risk factors for diverticulosis
incresasing age
low fibre diet
complications of diverticular disease
pericolic abscess
fistula- colonvaginal etc
perforation
haemorrhage
stricture
divertilulitis
diverticular phlegmon
treatment of intra-abdominal spesis
amox
met
gent
what type of organism is bacillu scereus
how long does infection take to resolve
gram positive rod- bacilli
24 hours
what causes of gastroenteritis have a short incubation period of 1-6 hours
staph aureus and bacillus cereus
how does shiga toxin work
binds to RBC’s to cause cells desth
how does e.coli cause HUS
via verotxin (shiga-like toxin)
what products cause e.coli posinoning
beef
food poisoning from a deli counter is likely to be from what organism
shigella
what gastroenteritis if from food at room temp
staph aureus
muscles of levatori ani
puborectalis
pubococcygeus
ilio coccygeus
what is the screening programme for rectal cancer
50-75yrs 2 yearly stoole sample
difference between a subtotal coloectomy and a total abdominal colectomy
subtotal - leaves sigmoid and rectum
total - leaves rectum
complications of a stoma
pyschosocial
skin irritation
hernia
constipation
stenosis/obstruction
retraction, prolapse
granuloma - raised red lumps around
high output - dehydration and malnutrition
diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis
dx - USS >4cm thickness
HIDA scan
TX - Iv ABX and cholecyst within 1 week
diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis
amylase 3x normal limit for dx
or USS
TX - fluid and analgesia view to surgery
whats more common primary liver cancer or mets
mets
most common liver tumour in a non cirrhotic patient
haemangioma
liver lesion with central scar
focal nodular hyperplasia
liver lesion assoc with the pill and steroids
hepatic adenoma
liver lesion in echinococcus infection
hyatadid cyst
pianless juandice with palpable mass
pancreatic cancer (courvoiseiers law)
investigation of choice in pancreatic cancer and management
high resolution CT
whipple
investigation of choice in cholangiocarcinoma and main risk factor
PSC main risk factor
MRI/MRCP
3 main causes of bowel obstruction
Adhesions (small bowel)
Hernias (small bowel)
Malignancy (large bowel)
normal diameters of bowel seen in obstruction
3 cm small bowel
6 cm colon
9 cm caecum
initial bowel obstruction management
IV fluids
NBM
drip and suck
treatment of ascending cholangitis
iv abx
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after 24-48 hours to relieve any obstruction
pain worse followign meal
gastric ulcer
chronic pancreatitis
gallstones
