other

Question 1

side effects of thiazides- how do they reduce renal stones?

Answer 1

postural hypotension
dehydration
hypercalcaemia,
hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia,
gout
impaired glucose tolerance
impotence

by retaining calcium- loss calcium is loss to nephron therefore less calcium to cause stones

Question 2

causes of rapidly progressing? cresenteric GN

Answer 2

goodpasteures
wegeners
SLE

Question 3

what type of swalling difficulties would achalasia present with

Answer 3

difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids

Question 4

what is pathophysiology of congenital inguinal hernia AND Tx

Answer 4

patent processsus vaginals- repair ASAP

Question 5

investigation of boorhaveer syndrome

Answer 5

CT Contrast swallow

Question 6

stongest ris factor for rectal cancer

Answer 6

HPV

Question 7

treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 7

lactulose and rifaximin

Question 8

highest risk genotype for T1DM

Answer 8

DR3 DQ2

Question 9

SE of metformin

Answer 9

GI upset
lactic acidosis liver failure
rash

Question 10

metabolic picture seen in diarrhoae ? and anion gap

also what is the anion gap in a hyperchloraemic met acidosis

Answer 10

met acidosis with normal anion

hyperchloraemic= normal anion

Question 11

what does lupus pernio look like and when is it seen

Answer 11

purple rash on face eg nose and seen in sarcoid

Question 12

antibodi in dermatomyositis

Answer 12

anti-jo

Question 13

what drugs can cause cholestatsis

Answer 13

co-amx, erythromycin
COCP