Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IR Board Review > Random Facts > Flashcards

Random Facts Flashcards

1
Q

ABI greater or equal to 1.3

A

Noncompressible, heavily calcified vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When might you place a stent after angioplasty of a EIA stenosis?

A

Greater than 30% residual stenosis

Greater than 10 mmHg gradient at rest or 20 mmHg after vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which kidney is generally preferred for transplant harvest?

A

Left kidney (longer artery and vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Imaging findings of angiodysplasia?

A

Vascular tuft or tangle of vessels, with intense draining vein filling that persists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of angiodysplasia?

A

GI first line

Angio with high rate of rebleeding and ischemia

Surgery if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indications for BAE

A

300 cc in 24 hour period

3 or more episodes of 100 cc in a week

Slowly increasing episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of all people have cervical rib?

In patients with TOS, how many have it?

A

0.5%

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Adson’s maneuver?

A

Deep inspiration or neck hyperextension with neck turned to symptomatic side

Used to provoke TOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differences in management between iliac artery stenosis vs occlusion

A

Stenosis - plasty alone can be effective

Occlusion - usually requires stenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TASC A lesions

A

Unilateral or bilateral CIA stenosis

Unilateral or bilateral short (<3 cm) EIA stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal TIPS velocity?

A

90-190 cm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which isotherm does the outer rim of an ice all correlate with?

A

0 degree C isotherm.

-20 C required for kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to approach unsuccessful PTC for biliary leak?

A

Place biloma drain, allow tract to form. Perform sinogram to opacify ducts, perform PTC for diversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long to turn off heparin gtt for biopsy?

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common cause of benign biliary strictures?

A

80% iatrogenic (liver transplant, cholecystectomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transgluteal drainage placement traverses which foramen?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the definition of pulmonary hypertension based on catheter pressure measurement?

A

> 25 mmHg at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurement work for evaluation of pulmonary HTN?

A

If PCWP normal (<15 mmHg), precapillary HTN. If elevated, post-capillary HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Perthes test?

A

To test whether varicose veins are from superficial vein dysfxn or deep.

Tourniquet to mid thigh –> walk –> if varicose veins go away, its a superficial vein problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Technique with highest 1 year effectiveness for GSV reflux?

A

No difference between STS, EVLT, vein stripping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which arteries affected by PAN?

A

Small-to-medium sized arteries. Usually hepaticomesenteric and renal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How to treat PAN?

A

Corticosteroids and immunosuppressives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gastric varices - when to do BRTO instead of TIPS?

A

Pre-existing hepatic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Potential complication following BRTO?

A

31% bleed from other sites (esophageal, duodenal varices)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe renin-angiotensin system

A

Renin (JGA) –> cleaved by angiotensinogen –> AT1 –> ACE in the lungs –> AT2 –> constricts blood vessels and stimulates aldosterone release from adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Potential complications of renal AVM?

A

High output heart failure, hematuria, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

MC complication of popliteal artery aneurysm?

A

Thrombosis (40%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In patients with popliteal artery aneurysms, what else should they be screened for?

A

AAA (seen in up to 37%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How to treat popliteal artery aneurysms

A

Surgical bypass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How to manage ovarian artery supply to fibroid?

A

Is safe to embolize. Usually well tolerated, with small chance of early menopause

31
Q

What symptoms are most likely to be addressed by UFE?

A

Menorrhagia. Bulk symptoms less likely.

32
Q

What to do about free floating IVC thrombus?

A

Suprarenal IVCF

33
Q

Volume-based indication for partial splenic embo?

A

Spleen:liver volume ratio is 0.5 or greater

34
Q

Aside from thrombocytopenia, when is PSE indicated?

A

Gastric varices, hepatogenic ascites when TIPS cannot or has already been performed

35
Q

Contraindication for PSE?

A

Hepatofugal portal venous flow (increased risk of PVT)

36
Q

Exam of choice for Budd-Chiari?

A

Hepatic venography

37
Q

In what medical conditions can you see Budd-Chiari?

A

Hematologic disorders like polycythemia vera

38
Q

Gastric vs. esophageal varices. Which more common? Which more dangerous?

A

Esophageal varices more common.

Gastric varices more associated with bleeding, higher mortality rates

39
Q

Renal cyst sclerotherapy technique

A

Ethanol through small drain. Dwell for 15 minutes in different positions. Can leave drain to gravity for wall apposition.

40
Q

Aside from stent graft placement, what can you do for wide neck PSA?

A

Temporary balloon occlusion then direct thrombin injection

41
Q

What arteries usually arise from subclavian artery?

A

Thyrocervical
Costocervical
Dorsal scapular artery

Subscapular artery usually from axillary artery

42
Q

Normal portal pressure?

A

Usually less than 8 mmHg

Greater than 12 mmHg associated with increased bleeding

43
Q

How do you sample for ACTH levels?

A

Inferior petrosal sinus sampling

44
Q

Most important drug to give patients with Cushing syndrome before venous sampling?

A

Heparin. They are hypercoagulable

45
Q

What type of endoleak is junctional separation?

A

Type III

46
Q

Classic involvement in Takayasu arteritis

A

Long segment stenosis of left axillosubclavian artery

47
Q

Potential complication of thoracic duct embolization?

A

Pulmonary embolism

People with respiratory insufficiency not candidates for procedure

48
Q

Where is ulnar artery most susceptible on hypothecate hammer syndrome?

A

Ulnar artery at Guyon’s canal

49
Q

MC organisms in mycotic aneurysms?

A

Staph, strep, salmonella. Gram negatives can be seen 35% of cases

Blood cultures positive 50-85% cases

50
Q

What infection can result in PVT in non cirrhotic patients?

A

Bacteroides bacteremia

51
Q

MC location for bronchial arteries

A

T5-T6

52
Q

Describe two subtypes of priapism

A

High flow - damage to cavernous or dorsal penile artery resulting in arteriolacunar fistula

Low flow - venous outflow obstruction leading to persistent tumescence of corpus cavernosum with sparing of glans and spongiosum

53
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor of the IVC

A

Leiomyosarcoma

Usually F 50-60 yo

54
Q

Abernethy Malformation

A

Congenital absence of portal vein. Splenic vein and SMV drain into IVC.

Children present with confusion due to hyperammonemia

55
Q

Bright liver sign

A

Focal hepatic enhancement of left lobe in setting if SVC occusion due to cavoportal collateral pathways

56
Q

When is SVC stenting preferred?

A

Malignant strictures

57
Q

Multiple hand arterial occlusions with acro-osteolysis

A

Scleroderma

58
Q

Describe Allen’s test

A

Occlude both RA and UA. Have patient make a first then open hand. Should have pallor. Then release one artery. Repeat for other artery.

59
Q

When to treat internal iliac artery aneurysms?

A

Greater than 3 cm

60
Q

Best time to do HSG

A

Follicular phase, between days 6-11

61
Q

How do you determine adequacy of adrenal vein sample?

A

Sample should have 3x higher cortisol level compared to peripheral sample

62
Q

What is typically given once the adrenal veins are selected prior to sampling?

A

ACTH to stimulate cortisol and aldosterone production

63
Q

Post whipple bilious vomiting and epigastric lain

A

Afferent loop syndrome

64
Q

Most common surgery that causes thoracic duct injury?

A

Esophagectomy

65
Q

Two types of thoracic duct embolization

A

Type I: coil embo (or other) of TD

Type II: mechanical disruption of cisterna chyli with repeated needle trauma

66
Q

Childhood disease resulting in refractory HTN, claudication, renal failure

A

Midaortic syndrome: rare congenital narrowing of aorta and visceral branches

67
Q

What is the recommended FLR/TLV prior to major hepatectomy?

A

20-40%

68
Q

What adjunctive techniques have been shown to decrease incidence of spinal ischemia following BAE?

A

Increased MAP, placement of CSF drain. Either can increase the spinal perfusion pressure.

Monitoring evoked potentials has not been shown to help

69
Q

Imaging criteria of pelvic congestion syndrome

A

At least 4 parametrial veins (one at least 4 mm)

OR

An ovarian vein > 8 mm

In a patient with symptoms

70
Q

Quadrilateral space syndrome

A

Teres minor (s)
Surg neck humerus (l)
Long head triceps (m)
Teres major (i)

Compression of contents on abduction and external rotation , including
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary nerve

71
Q

What can you see on Doppler with hepatic artery thrombosis in liver transplantation?

A

Decreased RI (<0.5)
Elevated velocities
Parvus tardus waveform

72
Q

In what % of patients is the main portal confluence extrahepatic?

A

50%

73
Q

Particle size for bland embo?

A

100-300 Embosphere

Then 300-500 if needed

74
Q

DEBTACE particle technique

A

75 mg doxorubicin on 100-300 LC beads

Or 150-200 um Quadraspheres

IR Board Review (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions