Ch 01 - Vascular pathology

Question 1

Reduction of 75% diameter of an artery corresponds to what approximate decrease in cross sectional area?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

General definition of aneurysm?

Answer 2

> 1.5 times diameter

Question 3

MC sites of FMD?

Answer 3

Renal, carotid, vert, iliac, subclavian, mesenteric

Question 4

TX for symptomatic FMD?

Answer 4

Angioplasty

Question 5

Takayasu arteritis: sites of dz?

Answer 5

Large arteries (aorta, prox great vessels, pulm, coronary)

Question 6

Takayasu arteritis: imaging findings?

Answer 6

Thickened, enhancing wall, long aortic stenosis

Question 7

Giant cell arteritis: sites of dz?

Answer 7

Large arteries (subclavian, axillary, brachial, carotid, aorta

Question 8

Giant cell arteritis: findings?

Answer 8

Long irreg stenoses and occlusions, aortic aneurysm/dissection

Question 9

PAN: sites of dz?

Answer 9

Medium, small arteries of kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas, spleen, extremities

Question 10

PAN: findings?

Answer 10

Micro and small aneurysms, segmental stenoses with SKIP AREAS

Question 11

Kawasaki dz: sites of dz?

Answer 11

Aka mucocutaneous LN syndrome. Occurs in KIDS only

Coronary and medium size arteries

Question 12

Buerger dz: sites of dz?

Answer 12

Med and small vessels of extremities, arteries and veins

Question 13

Buerger dz: findings?

Answer 13

Occlusion of all named vessels with centripetal progression and extensive collateral formation via vasa vasorum

Migratory thrombophlebitis in 30%

Question 14

Behcet dz: sites of dz?

Answer 14

All: large and medium arteries, pulmonary arteries, systemic veins

Question 15

Behcet dz: findings?

Answer 15

Venous thrombosis, peripheral aneurysms, arterial thrombosis, PA aneurysm

Question 16

SLE, scleroderma: sites of dz?

Answer 16

Small arteries usu. upper extremities

Question 17

RA and other HLA-B27: sites of dz?

Answer 17

Typically thoracic aorta, root dilation

Question 18

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome

Answer 18

Complication of large hemangiomas/hemangioendotheliomas: Shunting, hemorrhage, platelet consumption

Question 19

Large vascular malformation involving the entirety of a single leg

Answer 19

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

Question 20

Standing waves

Answer 20

Occur during contrast injection of medium to small arteries, usually resolve on subsequent injection

Not significant

Question 21

What is ergotism

Answer 21

Drug induced vasospasm of small to med arteries in patients receiving ergot alkaloids (migraines) or LSD

Question 22

MC cause of arterial embolism?

Answer 22

80% are cardiogenic (AF, valves)

Question 23

What is pathologic description seen with Marfan syndrome?

Answer 23

Cystic medial necrosis

Question 24

MC vascular symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos?

Answer 24

Spontaneous dissection, aneurysm formation, vessel rupture

Question 25

IR treatment of Ehlers-Danlos?

Answer 25

Angio has 70% complication rate with Ehlers-Danlos and should be avoided when possible

Question 26

Young patient with claudication, CTA with intramural fluid collection compressing the lumen near a joint

Answer 26

Adventitial cystic disease

Surgery

Question 27

Monkeberg sclerosis

Answer 27

DM and renal dz

Not an obstructive process

Question 28

Virchow’s triad

Answer 28

Stasis, injury, hypercoagulability