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Random facts Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Three causes of newborn sepsis

A

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria- don’t let pregnant women eat deli meat or unpasteurized milk

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2
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

Most common cause of meningitis

A

Step pneumo

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4
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

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5
Q

Serious newborn infections

A

Group B, Listeria, E coli

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6
Q

Bunch of ppl get sick after eating potato salad at a picnic. Who Dunit?

A

Staph Aureus….can grow in prepared foods with eggs in it

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7
Q

Spore forming Gram positive

A

Anthrax and clostridium

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8
Q

Branching gram positives with sulphur granuls

A

Actinomyces Israeli….often at TMJ

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9
Q

H FLu causes

A

Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis Media, Pneumonia

haEMOPhilus

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10
Q

What do you do if you have a child with H Flu epiglottits

A

Make them comfortable so their breathing doesn’t get worse.

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11
Q

Legionnaire’s disease

A

Severe pneumoniae

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12
Q

What do you have to use to stain Legionella?

A

Silver Stain,…it doesn’t stain easily Must grow on charcoal yeast and culture with Iron and cysteine

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13
Q

Pseudomonas produces Exotosin A which does what

A

inactivates EF-2….similar to diphtheria. By inactivating EF-2 it inactivates protein synthesis

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14
Q

Sepsis, DIC, adrenal hemorrhage

A

Neisseria meningitids

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15
Q

How do Ergosterols work

A

Inhibit the enzyme that converts Lanosterol to ergosterol

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16
Q

Barking cough and inspiratory stridor sounds like

A

CROUP….PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS.

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17
Q

Flavvivirus causes

A

Yellow Fever….Flu like symptoms

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18
Q

What is significant about yellow fever lab values

A

AST> ALT

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19
Q

Yellow fever histology

A

Councilman bodies (condensed nuclear chromatin)

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20
Q

Trichomonas presentation

A

Greensih vaginal discharge….remember that you will see motile flagellated organisms on microscpy

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21
Q

Viral diarrhea in kids

A

Rotavirus

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22
Q

Fungus southwestern US, cause of pneumoniae

A

Coccidioides…sounds a hell of a lot like TB but also presents with a rash and arthritis. Remember woman from Arizona with RA. She had rash on lower extremities and joint pain.

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23
Q

WHo is most at risk for fungal infections?

A

Immunocompromised

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24
Q

What are the other two dimorphic fungi that often cause pneumonia….often is a stretch

A

Histoplasma and Blastomyces…found more near Mississippi river.

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25
Q

Amphotericin B is given only IV and intrathecally. Binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal cell membranes. Adverse effects

A

RENAL FAILURE
ACUTE FEBRILE REACTION
ANEMIA, PHLEBITIS

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26
Q

Lesions on soles and palms

A

secondary syphillis

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27
Q

Most common cause of Pelvic Inf Dis

A

Chlamydia

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28
Q

What are the two forms which chlamydia exists in

A

Elementary Body (EB) and Reticulate Body (RB)

EB is metabolically inactive. Once endocytosed by host cells it becomes RB

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29
Q

Echiococcus Granulosus is what

A

Tapeworm. Transmitted by the ingestion of eggs from dog feces. Classically causes cysts in the liver and causes anaphylaxis if antigens are release. Hydatid cysts must be cut out.

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30
Q

Broad Based Budding YEast

A

Blastomycoses

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31
Q

Treatment of Meningitis in Infantws

A

Ceftriaxone covers H. Flu, GBS, Strep Pneumo, and Neisseria

MUST ADD AMOXICILLIN for Listeria

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32
Q

Bacteremia or bacterial endocarditis in a colon cancer pt

A

Strep bovis

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33
Q

What two organisms use Shiga like toxin and what does it do?

A

Shigella and EHEC

It disrupts the 60s ribosomal subunit and prevents protein synthesis.

34
Q

What organisms prevent human protein synthesis

A

Shigella- shiga toxin
EHEC- Shiga like toxin
Pseudomonas- Exotoxin A works on EF-2
Diptheria Toxin- Works on EF-2

35
Q

Rabbit disease

A

Tularemia

36
Q

Pet Prarie Dog

A

Yersinia Pestis

37
Q

Ixodes Tick

A

=Borreiela

38
Q

What causes cat scratch fever

A

Bartonella

39
Q

Viruses that can damage the anterior horn cells of the spinal tract

A

Polio, West Nile

40
Q

re-heated rice food poisoning

A

bacillus cereus

41
Q

Shellfish diarrhea and vomiting

A

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and vulnificus

42
Q

Treatment of C. Diff colitis

A

Metronidazole and vancomycin….Remember, vancomycin is generally poorly absorbed from the gut but it doesn’t matter in C diff because you want it to stay there

43
Q

Four most common causes of UTI

A

E. Coli
Staph Saphrophyticus
Klebsiella
Proteus

44
Q

Staghorn calculi in UTI

A

Proteus because proteus contains urease which can cause accumulation of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones

45
Q

Question mark shaped bacteria associated with animals that urinate in water

A

leptospira interrogans

46
Q

Know the LYME DZ stages

A

1- non specific, bullseye rash
2- bilateral bells palsy and and AV nodal block
3- arthritis

47
Q

Rashs that affect hands and feet

A

You drive Kawasaki CARS with your hands and feet

Kawasaki Disease
CA- coxsackie A
R- Rocky mtn sptted
S- Syphillis

48
Q

Parrots

A

Chlamydapilla psittaci

49
Q

Vaginal discharge with a fishy smell

A

Gardnerella vaginallis

50
Q

Why don’t Rickettsiase stain ve3ry well

A

obligate intracellular orgs

51
Q

What is the Rickettsial triad?

A

All Rickettsiae pretty much give you

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Rash
52
Q

Endemic Typhus caused by

A

Rickettsia typhi- spread by rat fleas

53
Q

Epidemic Typhus caused by

A

Rickettsia prowazekii- spread by body lice

54
Q

What is the difference between endemic and epidemic in regard to typus

A

Endemic is always present in the population, Epidemic just ccurs during outbreaks

55
Q

What is the difference between the rash in RMSF and the rash in endemic and epidemic typhus

A

RMSF starts on the palms and soles and moves in

Endemic and epidemic typhus moves out from the trunk

56
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia will not stain, why?

A

no cell wall

57
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis, which subtypes cause trachoma

A

A, B, C

58
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K cause

A

PID, neonatal conjunctivitis which is treated with azithromycin and or erythromycin eye drops

59
Q

Causes of atypical pneumonia

A

the big one is mycoplasma pneumonia

Chlamydia pneumonia can also cause it.

60
Q

Anemia with atypical pneumonia due to?

A

Cryoagglutinins (cold agglutinins) are IgM antibodies

61
Q

What diseases are caused by Strep Pyogenes

A

Proliferative or Pyogenic infetions
- Strep throat, endocarditis, skin infections, necrotizing fasciitis,

Toxin Mediated Diseases

  • Scarlett Fever
  • Toxic Shock

Autoimmune mediated diseases

  • Acute glomerulonephritis
  • Rheumatic fever
62
Q

obligate intracellular organisms? Why can’t they replicate extracellularly

A

Rickettsiae Legionella Chlamydia….Really Love
Cytoplasm

Have to stay intracellular because they can’t make their own ATP

63
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Nagging Pests Must Breathe

Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium TB
Bacillus

64
Q

Two leading causes of PID

A

N Gonnaorrhaea and chlamydia

65
Q

Tx for Gonorrhea?

A

3rd gen cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone

Should also treat chlamydia while you’re at it

66
Q

Chlamydia tx?

A

Azithromycin of doxycycline

67
Q

I keep seeing this so it must be important. Hepatitis C has a hypervariable region in its envelope glycoprotein that is especially prone to mutation. Also has a lack of 3’- 5’ exonuclease proofreading that allows its RNA polymerase to make many errors.

A

This accounts for the ridiculous amount of variety in the hepatitis C virus. Tons of subtypes

68
Q

Common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised pts

A

Pneumocystis jirovecci

69
Q

Pontiac fever cause

A

legionella

70
Q

Most common causeof viral pneumonia

A

RSV

71
Q

Pneumonia from air conditioners

A

legionella

72
Q

Common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised pts

A

pneumocystis

73
Q

Lung abscesses are commonly caused by aspiration pneumonia and feature anaerobes that are generally present in the gingiva of the oral cavity

A

ok…mostly alcoholics

74
Q

Treatment of lung abscesses

A

CLINDAMYCIN…because it is a gram negative most likely

75
Q

Osteomyelitis in Sickle cell pts

A

Salmonella then E coli

76
Q

Only organisms that require cholesterol in the growth media>

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae because their cell membranes consist of a single phospholipid layer rich in cholesterol

77
Q

Most common organisms to cause intraabdominal infections

A

E. Coli Bacteroides Fragilis

78
Q

I say Gram negative diplococci you think

A

Neiserria

79
Q

How do Neisseria colonize the nasal and oral mucosa withouth getting destroyed by antibodies>

A

They produce an IgA protease

80
Q

How do they get from these mucosa to the blood

A

They Have a PILUS that allows them to attach to the epithelium and wait for an opening.

81
Q

Why do you conjugate the H flu vaccine to diptheria or tetanus toxoid?

A

Because children cannot mount a T cell independent response to the polysaccharide alone. Conjugate it with a protein toxin though and the response becomes T cell dependent which children can do

Microbiology (11 decks)

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