Random facts Flashcards by Mike Castellarin

Three causes of newborn sepsis

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria- don’t let pregnant women eat deli meat or unpasteurized milk

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Scalded Skin Syndrome

Staph aureus

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Most common cause of meningitis

Step pneumo

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Most common cause of osteomyelitis

staph aureus

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Serious newborn infections

Group B, Listeria, E coli

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Bunch of ppl get sick after eating potato salad at a picnic. Who Dunit?

Staph Aureus….can grow in prepared foods with eggs in it

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Spore forming Gram positive

Anthrax and clostridium

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Branching gram positives with sulphur granuls

Actinomyces Israeli….often at TMJ

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H FLu causes

Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis Media, Pneumonia

haEMOPhilus

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What do you do if you have a child with H Flu epiglottits

Make them comfortable so their breathing doesn’t get worse.

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Legionnaire’s disease

Severe pneumoniae

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What do you have to use to stain Legionella?

Silver Stain,…it doesn’t stain easily Must grow on charcoal yeast and culture with Iron and cysteine

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Pseudomonas produces Exotosin A which does what

inactivates EF-2….similar to diphtheria. By inactivating EF-2 it inactivates protein synthesis

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Sepsis, DIC, adrenal hemorrhage

Neisseria meningitids

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How do Ergosterols work

Inhibit the enzyme that converts Lanosterol to ergosterol

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Barking cough and inspiratory stridor sounds like

CROUP….PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS.

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Flavvivirus causes

Yellow Fever….Flu like symptoms

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What is significant about yellow fever lab values

AST> ALT

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Yellow fever histology

Councilman bodies (condensed nuclear chromatin)

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Trichomonas presentation

Greensih vaginal discharge….remember that you will see motile flagellated organisms on microscpy

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Viral diarrhea in kids

Rotavirus

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Fungus southwestern US, cause of pneumoniae

Coccidioides…sounds a hell of a lot like TB but also presents with a rash and arthritis. Remember woman from Arizona with RA. She had rash on lower extremities and joint pain.

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WHo is most at risk for fungal infections?

Immunocompromised

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What are the other two dimorphic fungi that often cause pneumonia….often is a stretch

Histoplasma and Blastomyces…found more near Mississippi river.

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Amphotericin B is given only IV and intrathecally. Binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal cell membranes. Adverse effects

RENAL FAILURE ACUTE FEBRILE REACTION ANEMIA, PHLEBITIS

Lesions on soles and palms

secondary syphillis

Most common cause of Pelvic Inf Dis

Chlamydia

What are the two forms which chlamydia exists in

Elementary Body (EB) and Reticulate Body (RB) EB is metabolically inactive. Once endocytosed by host cells it becomes RB

Echiococcus Granulosus is what

Tapeworm. Transmitted by the ingestion of eggs from dog feces. Classically causes cysts in the liver and causes anaphylaxis if antigens are release. Hydatid cysts must be cut out.

Broad Based Budding YEast

Blastomycoses

Treatment of Meningitis in Infantws

Ceftriaxone covers H. Flu, GBS, Strep Pneumo, and Neisseria MUST ADD AMOXICILLIN for Listeria

Bacteremia or bacterial endocarditis in a colon cancer pt

Strep bovis

What two organisms use Shiga like toxin and what does it do?

Shigella and EHEC It disrupts the 60s ribosomal subunit and prevents protein synthesis.

What organisms prevent human protein synthesis

Shigella- shiga toxin EHEC- Shiga like toxin Pseudomonas- Exotoxin A works on EF-2 Diptheria Toxin- Works on EF-2

Rabbit disease

Tularemia

Pet Prarie Dog

Yersinia Pestis

Ixodes Tick

=Borreiela

What causes cat scratch fever

Bartonella

Viruses that can damage the anterior horn cells of the spinal tract

Polio, West Nile

re-heated rice food poisoning

bacillus cereus

Shellfish diarrhea and vomiting

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and vulnificus

Treatment of C. Diff colitis

Metronidazole and vancomycin....Remember, vancomycin is generally poorly absorbed from the gut but it doesn't matter in C diff because you want it to stay there

Four most common causes of UTI

E. Coli Staph Saphrophyticus Klebsiella Proteus

Staghorn calculi in UTI

Proteus because proteus contains urease which can cause accumulation of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones

Question mark shaped bacteria associated with animals that urinate in water

leptospira interrogans

Know the LYME DZ stages

1- non specific, bullseye rash 2- bilateral bells palsy and and AV nodal block 3- arthritis

Rashs that affect hands and feet

You drive Kawasaki CARS with your hands and feet Kawasaki Disease CA- coxsackie A R- Rocky mtn sptted S- Syphillis

Parrots

Chlamydapilla psittaci

Vaginal discharge with a fishy smell

Gardnerella vaginallis

Why don't Rickettsiase stain ve3ry well

obligate intracellular orgs

What is the Rickettsial triad?

All Rickettsiae pretty much give you - Fever - Headache - Rash

Endemic Typhus caused by

Rickettsia typhi- spread by rat fleas

Epidemic Typhus caused by

Rickettsia prowazekii- spread by body lice

What is the difference between endemic and epidemic in regard to typus

Endemic is always present in the population, Epidemic just ccurs during outbreaks

What is the difference between the rash in RMSF and the rash in endemic and epidemic typhus

RMSF starts on the palms and soles and moves in Endemic and epidemic typhus moves out from the trunk

Mycoplasma pneumonia will not stain, why?

no cell wall

Chlamydia trachomatis, which subtypes cause trachoma

A, B, C

Chlamydia trachomatis types D-K cause

PID, neonatal conjunctivitis which is treated with azithromycin and or erythromycin eye drops

Causes of atypical pneumonia

the big one is mycoplasma pneumonia | Chlamydia pneumonia can also cause it.

Anemia with atypical pneumonia due to?

Cryoagglutinins (cold agglutinins) are IgM antibodies

What diseases are caused by Strep Pyogenes

Proliferative or Pyogenic infetions - Strep throat, endocarditis, skin infections, necrotizing fasciitis, Toxin Mediated Diseases - Scarlett Fever - Toxic Shock Autoimmune mediated diseases - Acute glomerulonephritis - Rheumatic fever

obligate intracellular organisms? Why can't they replicate extracellularly

Rickettsiae Legionella Chlamydia....Really Love Cytoplasm Have to stay intracellular because they can't make their own ATP

Obligate Aerobes

Nagging Pests Must Breathe Nocardia Pseudomonas Mycobacterium TB Bacillus

Two leading causes of PID

N Gonnaorrhaea and chlamydia

Tx for Gonorrhea?

3rd gen cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone | Should also treat chlamydia while you're at it

Chlamydia tx?

Azithromycin of doxycycline

I keep seeing this so it must be important. Hepatitis C has a hypervariable region in its envelope glycoprotein that is especially prone to mutation. Also has a lack of 3'- 5' exonuclease proofreading that allows its RNA polymerase to make many errors.

This accounts for the ridiculous amount of variety in the hepatitis C virus. Tons of subtypes

Common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised pts

Pneumocystis jirovecci

Pontiac fever cause

legionella

Most common causeof viral pneumonia

RSV

Pneumonia from air conditioners

legionella

Common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised pts

pneumocystis

Lung abscesses are commonly caused by aspiration pneumonia and feature anaerobes that are generally present in the gingiva of the oral cavity

ok...mostly alcoholics

Treatment of lung abscesses

CLINDAMYCIN...because it is a gram negative most likely

Osteomyelitis in Sickle cell pts

Salmonella then E coli

Only organisms that require cholesterol in the growth media>

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae because their cell membranes consist of a single phospholipid layer rich in cholesterol

Most common organisms to cause intraabdominal infections

E. Coli Bacteroides Fragilis

I say Gram negative diplococci you think

Neiserria

How do Neisseria colonize the nasal and oral mucosa withouth getting destroyed by antibodies>

They produce an IgA protease

How do they get from these mucosa to the blood

They Have a PILUS that allows them to attach to the epithelium and wait for an opening.

Why do you conjugate the H flu vaccine to diptheria or tetanus toxoid?

Because children cannot mount a T cell independent response to the polysaccharide alone. Conjugate it with a protein toxin though and the response becomes T cell dependent which children can do