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Michelle Anesthesiology > Random Exam 1 Questions > Flashcards

Random Exam 1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Vapor

A

gaseous state of substance that is liquid at ambient temp and pressure

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2
Q

Gas

A

exists in gaseous state at ambient T and P

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3
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

pressure exerted by vapor molecules when liquid and vapor phases are in equilibrium, depends on temp

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4
Q

Saturated vapor pressure

A

maximum administration percentage

basically the highest amount of vapor you can have dissolved in the gas above the liquid

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5
Q

T/F Equilibrium is reached when anesthetic molecules and partial pressure are equal

A

False, partial pressure are equal but number of anesthetic molecules are not

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6
Q

Blood gas partition coefficient

A

amount of anesthetic in the blood vs alveolar gas at equal partial pressure
(anesthetic in alveolar gas=brain concentration)

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7
Q

Which agent is most/least soluble?

A

Most- halothane

Least- desflurane

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8
Q

The lower the blood gas PC the _____ it attains partial pressure in the brain

A

shorter time

short induction and recovery

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9
Q

3 ways in increase alveolar delivery

A

increase vaporizer setting
increase fresh gas flow
increase minute ventilation

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10
Q

How would you quickly decrease Pa?

A

turn off vaporizer
disconnect patient and flush O2
Turn O2 flow up
Increase ventilation (IPPV)

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11
Q

What is MAC?

A

minimum alveolar conc of an anesthetic that prevent movement in 50% of patients exposed to a noxious stimulus

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12
Q

MAC of ISO and Sevo

A

Iso 1.3

Sevo 2.3

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13
Q

What is compound A?

A

produced from sevo breakdown in CO2 absorbent (more baralyme than sodalime)
nephrotoxic in rats

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14
Q

What inhalant can cause hepatotoxicity?

A

halothane

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15
Q

What inhalant most often triggers malignant hyperthermia and in what animal? What the first sign? How would you tx?

A

halothane in pigs
first sign in rapid increase in EtCO2
tx- dantrolene

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16
Q

What is diffusion hypoxia and which inhalant is it associated w/?

A

N2O
It’s when N2O is stopped, it diffuses quickly out of the blood into the alveoli, displaces O2
Need to provide 02 for 5-10 minutes when stopping N20

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17
Q

Definition of hypoventilation?

A

PaCO2 > 40 or EtCO2 >45

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18
Q

If you have stuck inspiratory/expiratory valves what signs do you see?

A

rebreathing waveform on capnograph

hypercarbia signs - dark red mm, tachycardia/pneia, increased tidal volume

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19
Q

Normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

20
Q

Normal HCo3

A

24 +/-4mEq/L

21
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

22
Q

Base Excess

A

metabolic component of acid base disturbances
+BE metabolic alkalosis
-BE metabolic acidosis

23
Q

Anion Gap

A

unmeasured anions

AG = (Na + K) - (Cl +HCO3)

24
Q

What does it mean if there’s an elevated AG?

A

metabolic acidosis (could be from lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, uremia, drug poisoning)

25
Q

If there’s metabolic acidosis but a normal AG, what does that mean?

A

Cl retention or HCO3 excretion like in diarrhea or renal dz’s

26
Q

What is the PaCO2 equation

A

CO2 production/alveolar ventilation

27
Q

Normal PaCO2 values?

A

35-45

28
Q

PaO2 is

A

partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood

interpreted w/ FiO2

29
Q

FiO2 is

A

fraction of inspired O2

ex 100% O2 -= FiO2=

30
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of O2 in the alveolar space

31
Q

Higher than normal A-a PO2 difference means PaO2 is ______ than expected

A

lower

32
Q

Reasons for VQ mismatch?

A

atelectasis

lung dz’s

33
Q

Normal PaO2/FiO2 ratio

A

> 500 mmHg

34
Q

5 Causes for Hypoxemia (will be on the exam)

A 
Low FiO2 
Hypoventilation 
Diffusion impairment 
VQ mismatch 
Right to left shunt
35
Q

Tidal volume normal values

A

10-15 ml/kg

36
Q

Respiratory rate normal values

A

10-15 breath/min

37
Q

Inspiratory time normal values

A

1-2 sec

38
Q

PIP normals

A

10-20cmH2O

39
Q

PEEP normals

A

0-2 cm H20

40
Q

Sedative of choice in equines

A

a2 agonists

duration detomidine>romifidine>xylazine

41
Q

What drug might cause persistent penile paralysis in breeding stallions?

A

aceprom

42
Q

If you were doing a 20 min castration on a horse what inj anesthesia would you use?

A

xylazine -> wait for sedation + ketamine

add butorphanol after xylazine

43
Q

If you were doing 10-25 procedure on a horse what inj anesthesia would you use?

A

detomidine + ketamine

44
Q

If you were doing a cast change 45-50 min procedure on a horse what anesthesia would you use?

A

Xylazine + Ketamine then triple drip

45
Q

What is triple drip

A

5% Guaifenesin in 500ml w/ 500mg ketamine and 250 ml xylazine

Michelle Anesthesiology (4 decks)

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