Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Michelle Anesthesiology > Premeds > Flashcards

Premeds Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anticholinergics?

A

Atropine Glycopyrolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MoA anticholinergics

A

inhibit PSNS

antagonists on the muscarinic ach receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atropine solubility, absorbs, does it cross bbb and placenta?

A

lipid soluble
absorbs well IM SC PO
crosses bbb and placental barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glycopyrrolate solubility, absorbs, does it cross bbb and placenta?

A

water soluble
absorbs slowly im sc po (slower than atropine, even IV)
does NOT cross bbb and placental barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for anticholinergics?

A

Increase HR

Decrease salivation and bronchial secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contraindications for anticholinergics

A

tachycardia, hyperthyroidism, most heart dz’s (except to tx bradycardia), narrow angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CV side effects for Anticholinergics

A

2nd degree AV block, bradycardia, cardiac arrest

tachycardia, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can rabbits get atropine?

A

No, they have a lot of atropinase enzyme so they break it down, need glycopyrrolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A2 agonists MoA

A

competitive agonist of a2 adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the CNS effects of A2 agonists?

A

sedative
analgesic (synergistic w opiods)
muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CV effects of A2 agonists

A

reflex bradycardia-> low CO and tissue perfusion
respiratory effects -> mild resp depression, rr decreases but tidal volume increases, upper airway resistance increases, VQ mismatch in horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A2 agonists resp effects (non-ruminants)?

A

mild resp depression, rr decreases but tidal volume increases, upper airway resistance increases, VQ mismatch in horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A2 agonist resp effects (ruminants)?

A

bronchoconstriction, v/q mismatch, lung edema and hypoxemia

mostly with xylazine in sheep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A2 agonists GI effects?

A

salivation decreases
lower esophageal sphincter tone decreases
GI motility decreases
vomiting (cats w/ xylazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What a2 agonist may cause uterine contractions and abortion in cattle?

A

xylazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Indications for a2 agonists

A

sedation

prev/tx of seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contraindications for a2 agonists

A

too young/old
hemodynamic instability
severely debilitated patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the a2 agonist drugs?

A

zylazine, medetomidine, dexmetatomadine, detomidine, romifidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the a2 antagonists?

A

atipamezole, yohimbine, tolazoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which a2 agonists have the highest specificity?

A

medetomidine&raquo_space;> detomidine > xylazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which a2 antagonists have the highest a2 specificity?

A

atipamezole»>yohimbine»tolazoline
He suggests we always use atimpamezole
Always give IM except for emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phenothyazines what drug is in this class and MoA?

A

Acepromazine

antagonist of dopamine, serotonin, a1, histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CNS effects of Phenothizines?

A

acts on dopamine and serotonin
weaker sedative compared to a2 agonists
antiemetic
mild resp depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Do phenothiazines provide analgesia?

A

No

25
Q

Phenothiazines CV effects

A

vasodilation and hypotension

26
Q

Phenothizine indications

A 
mild sedation
prev/tx of opiod dysphoria
prev of emesis caused by morphine 
sedation for dogs w layrngeal paralysis 
enhance sedative effect of xylazine in horses
27
Q

Phenothiazine contraindications

A 
hypovolemia, hemodynamic instability 
very young/old 
von willebrand dz (dobies)
boxers (bradycardia) 
breeding stallions (penile prolapse)
28
Q

Butyrophenones

A

Similar drug fam to phenothiazines
drugs: droperidol and azaperone
more likely to cause behavior side effects
sedative effect is similar to acepromazine

29
Q

Benzodiazepine MoA

A

gaba receptor agonists (depress CNS)

30
Q

Indications for benzodiazepines

A

sedative, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant

NO ANALGESIA

31
Q

Are there cv and resp side effects w/ benzodiazepines?

A

minimal

32
Q

Benzodiazepine agonists

A

diazepam, midazolom, zolazepam

33
Q

Benzodiazepine antagonists

A

flumazenil, sarmazenil

34
Q

Do benzodiazepines have a species specific sedation effect?

A

Yaas

35
Q

T/F Benzodiazepines are better sedetives in cats that ruminants

A

FALSE

Benzos have better sedative effects in ruminants, camelids, pigs, birds, and ferrets

36
Q

Benzodiazepine indications

A

premed- combine with opiods, a2 agonist or both
induction- combine w ketamine or barbituates/propofol
tx of seizures (status epilepticus)

37
Q

Diazepam solubility, route

A

lipid soluble, IV (pain on IM inj)

38
Q

Midazolam solubility, route

A

water soluble, IM IV or mm

39
Q

Opiod CNS effects

A

Analgesia
Decrease MAC of inhalants
Sedation
Excitation (cats), dysphoria

40
Q

Do opiods trigger vomiting?

A

Yep, stimulate crtz in brain
morphine enters the brain slowly and causes more vomiting
fentanyl enters the brain fast and doesn’t cause vomiting

41
Q

Opiod CV effects

A

No direct negative inotropy or vasodilation

Suitable for at risk patients

42
Q

Opioid resp effects

A

may depress resp but not strongly

have an anti-tussive effect (suppress coughing)

43
Q

Opioid GI effects

A

nasuea, vomiting
defecation
obstipation
spasm of the sphincter of Oddie (hepatopancreatic sphincter)

44
Q

Opioid indications

A

premed w/ benzos, benzos and ketamine, ace, a2 agonists
perioperative analgesia
tx of acute and chronic pain

45
Q

Opioids routs of admin

A

basically any way you can think of

46
Q

Morphine can cause ______ release, especially after high doses

A

Histamine

47
Q

Hydromorphone and oxymorphone MoA

A

full u agonists

48
Q

Methadone has similar properties to hydromorphone except it acts as a _______

A

NMDA antagonist

49
Q

Fentanyl MoA, duration

A

full u agonist

fast onset short duration (15-20 mins)

50
Q

Remifentanil what is it and how does it work, probs w/ it?

A

Works similar to fentanyl, it’s very short acting and does not cumulate -> good for CRI
probs: accidental disruption of administration may trigger strong pain!
boluses may cause sudden bradycardia

51
Q

Buprenorphine MoA, duration, strength, onset

A

partial u agonist
stronger analgesic than butorphanol
long acting 6-8 hrs
onset slow

52
Q

Tramadol

A

Weak analgesic
metabolizes in the liver and it’s metabolite is u opiod agonist
tramadol itself inhibits NE and serotonin

53
Q

Naloxone duration, use?

A

30 min, used to reverse resp depression

54
Q

Naltrexone duration, use?

A

10 hours, antagonize wild animals after long acting opioids

55
Q

Premed antibiotics?

A

cefazolin and amoxi clavulic acid

give IV 20 min before sx

56
Q

H1 antagonist, why is it given?

A

diphenhydramine, given to antagonize the effects of histamine in case of an anaphylactic rxn or histamine release

57
Q

H2 antagonist, why is it given

A

Ranintidine, famotadine, cimetadine

increases the pH of the stomach

58
Q

What antihistamine is given before removing a mast cell tumor?

A

H1 AND H2 antagonists

Michelle Anesthesiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions