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PSA > random drug facts > Flashcards

random drug facts Flashcards

1
Q

ACEi common s/e

A

dry cough due to accumulation of bradykinin via reduced degradation by ACE

hyperkalaemia - reduced aldosterone production, reduced potassium excretion

reducing renal blood flow by inhibiting angiotensin-II which preserved GFR

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2
Q

ibuprofen s/e

A

gastric inflammation and ulceration - inhibition of prostaglandins needed for gastric mucosal protection from acid

also cuz of that reduced renal diameter and blood flow, reducing kidney perfusion and function

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3
Q

antimuscarinic tox + elderly

A

confusion in elderly

tox - pupillary dilation, loss of accommodation, dry mouth, tachycardia (after transient Brady)

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4
Q

methotrexate and NSAIDs

A

caution due to risk of increased nephrotoxicity

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5
Q

asthma and NSAIDs

A

bronchoconstriction

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6
Q

trimethoprim and methotrexate

A

direct contraindication as both folate antagonists -> BM toxicity

may lead to pancytopenia and neutropenic sepsis

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7
Q

methotrexate and active infection

A

withheld, as missing one dose should not affect control due to long half life

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8
Q

diuretics and potassium

A

hypokalaemia - loop + thiazide like

hyperkalaemia - potassium sparing + ACEi

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9
Q

prophylactic enoxaparin + stroke

A

not post acute ischaemic stroke - risk of haemorrhagic transformation

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10
Q

verapamil and BB

A

severe cardiodepression - so don’t use together

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11
Q

when should you not use stimulant laxatives?

A

eg: Senna, bisocodyl

if suspected bowel obstruction do not use and increases risk of perforation

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12
Q

when is best to use stool softener?

A

eg: docusate

if hard stool on DRE

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13
Q

when should you not use osmotic laxatives?

A

eg: lactulose, macrogol

if patient already bloated or dehydrated do not use, as drawn water out from large bowel

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14
Q

when would you prefer bulking laxatives?

A

eg: ispaghula husk

inadequate fibre intake, not when bloated as takes 72h to work

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15
Q

what laxatives would you give if patient on opioids?

A

osmotic + stimulants

avoid bulk forming

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16
Q

what specific about loops diuretics must you know regarding the ototoxicity?

A
  • rapid IV administration of furosemide increases risk
  • if impaired renal function bumetanide increases deafness risk
17
Q

what are some common ototoxic drugs worth knowing?

A

gentamicin
bumetanide
furosemide
vancomycin

18
Q

what are the 4 C’s that increase C.diff risk?

A

clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
ciprofloxacin
cephalosporin - ceftriaxone and cefalexin

19
Q

what drugs cause constricted pupils?

A

heroine
opioids
codeine
hydrocodone

20
Q

what drugs cause red eyes?

A

weed
cocaine
benzo
depressants

21
Q

what drugs cause dilated pupils?

A

amphetamines
methamphetamines
cocaine
hallucinogens
speed

22
Q

what are CYP450 inducers?

A

carbamezapine
barbituates
phenytoin
rifampicin
pioglitazone

23
Q

what are CYP450 inhibitors?

A

omeprazole
amiodarone
SSRI
grapefruit juice
cimentadine (cement stops)
macrolide (erythro and clarythro)

24
Q

what are some important information to be aware of with metformin?

A

risk of lactic acidosis - look for signs
dyspnoea, muscle cramps, abdo pain

25
Q

what are some important information to be aware of with sulfonylureas?

A

signs of hypoglycaemia
*higher risk in renal impairment and elderly

26
Q

what are some important information to be aware of with SGLT2i?

A

risk of DKA even if glucose normal

27
Q

most important thing about insulin?
*when unwell

A

when unwell higher insulin resistance so higher basal doses may be needed

*increases DKA risk

28
Q

what are some common side effects of anti-psychotics?

A

photosensitisation
drowsiness
alcohol effects enhanced

29
Q

common lithium info?

A

report toxicity, hypothyroidism and renal dysfunction
benign intracranial hypertension
maintain adequate fluid and avoid dietary changed or increase in salt
AVOID NSAIDs

30
Q

clozapine info?

A

agranulocytosis - risk of infection

31
Q

sodium valproate info?

A

teratogenic
effective contraception

32
Q

what medications to be aware of in asthma and COPD?

A

NSAIDs - 10-20% experience worsening asthma, increased risk in those with nasal polyps
*if no alt give risks and trial

BB - bronchospasm, nebivolol more cardioselective so may be better

adenosine - contraindicated, use verapamil if needed

33
Q

what does warfarin do?

A

inhibits synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors (2,7,9 and 10)

  • this prolongs PT from which INR is derived (higher the PT higher the INR)
  • normal INR is 1
34
Q

What is important to communicate regarding insulin regime?

A

when unwell, blood glucose increases, higher basal dose required otherwise DKA

when patients have reduced oral intake risk of hypo high so decrease insulin intake

PSA (9 decks)

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