common drug reactions

Question 1

gentamicin and vancomycin

Answer 1

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

Question 2

any abx - commonly broad spectrum cephalosporins or ciprofloxacin

Answer 2

C.diff

Question 3

ACEi

Answer 3

hypotension
electrolyte abnormalities -hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia
AKI
dry cough

Question 4

BB

Answer 4

hypotension
bradycardia
wheeze in asthmatics
worsens acute HF (helps chronic)

Question 5

CCB

Answer 5

hypotension
bradycardia
peripheral oedema
flushing

Question 6

diuretics

Answer 6

hypotension
electrolyte abnormalities
AKI
spironolactone - gynaecomastia

Question 7

heparins

Answer 7

haemorrhage (renal failure or <50kg)
thrombocytopenia

Question 8

warfarin

Answer 8

haemorrhage - initially procoagulant, takes few days to anticoagulant, so LMWH until INR >2

Question 9

Aspirin

Answer 9

haemorrhage
peptic ulcers
gastritis
tinnitus in large doses

Question 10

Digoxin

Answer 10

N+V+D
BLURRED VISION
CONFUSION
DROWSINESS
XANTHOPSIA

Question 11

amiodarone

Answer 11

pulmonary fibrosis
thyroid disease (hypo and hyper due to structurally being related to iodine)
skin-greying
corneal deposits

Question 12

lithium

Answer 12

early - tremor

intermediate - tiredness

late- arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

Question 13

haloperidol

Answer 13

dyskinesia eg: acute dystonic reactions
drowsiness

Question 14

clozapine

Answer 14

agranulocytosis

Question 15

dexamethasone and pred

Answer 15

Stomach ulcers
Thin skin
Edema
Right and Left HF
Osteoporosis
Infection (candida)
Diabetes (ie hyperglycaemia)
cushing’s syndrome

Question 16

fludrocortisone

Answer 16

hypertension
sodium and water retention

Question 17

ibuprofen

Answer 17

No urine (renal failure)
Systolic dysfunction (HF)
Asthma
Indigestion
Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)

Question 18

simvastatin

Answer 18

myalgia
abdo pain
increased ALT/AST
rhabdo

Question 19

what are some drugs with narrow therapeutic indices?

Answer 19

warfarin
digoxin
phenytoin

Question 20

what are some drug types that require careful titration of doses according to effect?

Answer 20

antihypertensive
anti diabetic

Question 21

what are some enzyme inducers?

PCBRAS

Answer 21

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Alcohol (chronic)
Sulphonylureas

Question 22

what are some enzyme inhibitors?

AODEVICES

Answer 22

Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol (acute)
Sulphonamides

Question 23

BB and verapamil

Answer 23

profound hypotension and asystole!

Question 24

GI bleeding causers

Answer 24

NSAIDs
aspiring, ibuprofen

Question 25

Lactic acidosis

Answer 25

metformin

Question 26

increased anticoagulation

Answer 26

warfarin with alcohol

Question 27

hypertensive crisis

Answer 27

monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Question 28

metronidazole and disulfiram

Answer 28

sweating, flushing, N+V

Question 29

sedation

Answer 29

barbiturates
opioids
benzo

Question 30

SIADH (hence hyponatraemia causes)

Answer 30

sulfonylureas
SSRIs, tricyclics
carbamazepine
vincristine
cyclophosphamide