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random bits sheet 2 Flashcards

1
Q

arthrokin of thumb CMC

A

MCP and trapezium:
cave on vex flex/ext (frontal plane movement)
vex on cave ab/add (saggital plane mvmt)

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2
Q

arthrokin of talus

A

talocrural: DF/PF, opposite (vex talus on cave tib/fib)
subtalar: same, cave talus moves on fixed vex calc (pro/sup)

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3
Q

arthro AC joint

A

convex clavicle, concave acromion

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4
Q

SC joint arthro

A

elevation/depression: vex clavice on cave sternum

pro/retraction: cave clavicle, vex sternum

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5
Q

distal RU

A

vex ulna, cave radius

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6
Q

capsular patterns of hip

A

flexor ext , abduction, and IR

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7
Q

ankle pronator

A

fibularis longus

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8
Q

ankle supinator

A

posterior tib

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9
Q

R heart blood flow

A

from body to vena cava, RA, tricuspid, RV, pulm valve (semilunar) to pulm arteries to lungs

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10
Q

L heart BF

A

from lungs to pulm veins to LA through bicuspid V to LV through aotric valve to aorta and to body

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11
Q

S3 sound

A

turbulence, early diastole

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12
Q

S4 sound

A

turbulence, late diastole

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13
Q

Restrictive lung diseases

A 
problems with inhaling
 bc of stiff lungs, cant expand
-pulmonary fibrosis
-ARDS
-atelectysis
-pulmonary edema
-pneumonia
-pneumo/hemothorax
-pleural effusion/fibrosis
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14
Q

FVC decreased, normal FEV1/FVC ratio

A

restrictive

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15
Q

FEV1/FCV <70%

A

obstructive

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16
Q

obstructive lung diseases

A

difficulty exhaling/getting air out

  • COPD
  • emphysema
  • asthma
  • chronic bronchitis
  • bronchiectasis
  • CF
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17
Q

normal paO2, paCO2

A

80-100. 35-45

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18
Q

normal HCO3

A

22-26

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19
Q

normal hematocrit

A

% of RBCs in total blood volume

male: 38.8-46.4%
female: 35.4-44.4%

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20
Q

normal hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying component of RBC

male: 13.3-16.2
female: 12-15.8

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21
Q

normal platelets

A

165,000-415,000

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22
Q

normal PPT

A

26.3-39.4 seconds

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23
Q

normal RBC

A

male 4.3-5.6 x10^6

female 4.0-5.2 x10^6

24
Q

normal WBC

25
Q

normal LDL, HDL, triglycerides

A

LDL <100
HDL >40
triglycerides <150

26
Q

normal INR

A

1.1 or below

2-3 for people on blood thinners

27
Q

cholinergic response

A

inc in Ach, increased parasympathetic response

28
Q

anticholinergic response

A

dec in Ach, increase sympathetic response, bronchodilators

29
Q

alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A

dilates arterioles and BV’s, decreased BP
SE: dizziness, OH, palpitations, drowsiness
-zosins

30
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

decrease BP and afterload, for HTN, CHF
SE: hypotension, dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
-a/i/oprils

31
Q

Angiotensin II receptor agonist

A

blocks AII receptors, decreases vasoconstriction and stimulation of vascular tissue
SE: dizziness, back and leg pain, chest pain
-sartans

32
Q

Antiarrhythmics Class 1

A

Na channel blockers, control heart excitation and conduction

-quinidine, lidocaine,

33
Q

Antiarrhythmics Class 2

A

beta blockers: inhibit sympathetic activity

-olols

34
Q

Antiarrhythmics class 3

A

Prolong repolarization: inhibits K and Na channels, most effective, amiodarone

35
Q

Antiarrhythmics Class 4

A

Ca channel blockers: decrease depolarization, slow conduction thru AV node
dilatizem

36
Q

anticoagulants

A

heparin, coumadin, warfarin, lovenox

37
Q

antihyperlipidemic agents

A

statins: inhibit enzyme action in CHO synthesis, lowers LDL, increases HDL, lowers triglycerides
SE: rash, HA, GI upset, myalgia

38
Q

beta blockers

A

dec HR and contractility, will diminish HR response to ex

-olols

39
Q

Ca channel blockers:

A

decrease entry of calcium into mm, dec contraction, vasodilation, decd o2 demand of heart
SE: dizziness, hypotension, HA, peripheral edema
-norvasc, procardia, calan, cardizem

40
Q

diuretics

A

inc excretion of NA and urine, dec plasma vol and BP
SE: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, inc LDL, polyuria, arrhythmias
-thiazide: diuril
-loop: lasix
-K sparing: dyrenium

41
Q

Nitrates

A

smooth mm relaxation, dilation of peripheral vessels
SE: HA, dizziness, OH, reflex tachy, nausea, vomiting
nitroglycerine

42
Q

+ inotropic agents

A

increased F and velocity of heart contraction, decreased HR, decreased HR and conduction velocity through AV node, decreased degree of activation of sympathetic N’s
SE: arrhythmias, GI distress, dizziness, blurred vision
*dont want HR below 60
*prolongs PR interval
-digoxin, digitalis

43
Q

thrombolytics

A

convert plasminogen to plasmin, busts clots
SE: hemmorhage, allergic rxn, arrhythmias
-urokinase, activase

44
Q

normal ABI

45
Q

normal BMI

46
Q

1st degree AV block

A

PR interval >.2 s, constant, benign

47
Q

2nd degree AV block

A

impulses btw atria and V’s fail intermittently
mobitz I: progressive prolongation of PR interval till 1 pulse not conducted
mobitz II: more serious, consecutive PR’s are same followed by nonconduction of >1 impulse

48
Q

3rd degree AV block

A

all AV node impulses blocked, none get to ventricles, A&V’s paced independently
-medical emergency, requires pacemaker

49
Q

Vtach

A

3 or more PVC’s

50
Q

pre HTN

A

120-139 / 80-89

51
Q

stage I HTN

A

140-159 / 90-99

52
Q

stage II HTN

A

> 160 / >100

53
Q

1+ pitting edema

A

barely there

54
Q

2+ pitting edema

A

slight indent, normal in 15s

55
Q

3+ pitting edema

A

deep indent, returns <30s

56
Q

4+ pitting edema

A

> 30 s indentation

57
Q

adrenergic response

A

increase in sympathetic response

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