random Flashcards
true or false. cut mode on bovie is the safest monopolar mode for ICD
true
what is the lowest voltage monopolar mode
cut mode
what is the highest voltage monopolar mode
coagulation mode
CO2 pneumoperitoneum has what effect on end tidal CO2
increases it
biplar electrocautery seals vessels less than or equal to __ mm with minimal thermal spread, has ____ thermal injury than monopolar, and does not have ____ coupling
7
less
capacitative
Associated malignancies of Li Fraumeni Syndrome (p53 mutation):
breast cancer, sarcomas, brain tumors, leukemia, adrenocortical malignancies
inherited autosomal dominant
Associated cancers of Cowden Syndrome (PTEN mutation):
breast cancer, mucocutaneous lesions, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer
The predominant electrolyte abnormality of refeeding syndrome
hypophosphatemia
Characteristics of Mui-Torre syndrome:
sebaceous gland tumors (presents as yellow papules) visceral tumors (most commonly colorectal cancer) Considered a variant of HNPCC
Characteristics of Gardner syndrome:
subcategory of FAP colonic polyposis desmoid tumors osteomas of the mandible or skull cutaneous lesions (lipomas or EICs)
Characteristics of Turcot syndrome
GI polyposis
CNS tumors
Colorectal cancer
3 mechanisms by which parathyroid hormone increases calcium:
stimulate calcium reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule
stimulate osteoclasts to release calcium from bone mineral stores
stimulate calcitriol (Vitamin D) to cause calcium absorption from GI tract
Mutation of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
CDH1
Features of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas of the retina or CNS, pheochromocytoma
Mutation of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
STK11
Initial management of beta blocker overdose
IV fluids and atropine x3 doses
if these don’t work then glucagon
What two cardiac overdoses is glucagon effective in reversing
beta blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses
dobutamine is purely ___ adrenergic
beta
at ____ doses of dobutamine, beta __ is targeted and increases contractility
low, beta 1
at ____ doses of dobutamine, beta ___ is targeted and is vasodilatory
high, beta 2
What cancers is Epstein barr virus associated with
Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, immune-suppression related lymphoma, subset of gastric cancers
What virus is Kaposi sarcoma associated with
human herpes virus 8
describe first order kinetics
the rate of elimination of a drug is directly proportional to the blood concentration; a constant proportion of drug is eliminated per unit time
describe zero order kinetics
the rate of elimination of a drug is constant despite blood concentration
