Random

Question 1

what is the philapdelphia chromosome associated with

Answer 1

CML

Question 2

where is the falciform ligament and what does it do

Answer 2

it divides the lobes of the liver and the free edge of the ligament is the embryological remnant of the ligamentum teres

Question 3

what do upper motor neurone lesions cause in the head/face

Answer 3

they cause contralateral face weakness while sparing the forehead eg. stroke

Question 4

what do lower motor neurone lesions cause in the head/face

Answer 4

weakness involving the whole ipsilateral face eg facial nerve injury

Question 5

what is the broad ligament and what does it do

Answer 5

double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis. It acts as a mesentery for the uterus and contributes to maintaining it in position

Question 6

what is the round ligament

Answer 6

remnant of the gubernaculum extending from uterine horns to labia majora via inguinal canal. It functions to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus

Question 7

give an example of a DPP4 inhibitor

Answer 7

sitagliptin

Question 8

give an example of a sulphonylurea

Answer 8

gliclazide

Question 9

what is a normal ion gap in metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

3-11

Question 10

how do you work out the ion gap

Answer 10

(Na + K)-(cl + HCo3)

Question 11

what are they causes of a raised ion gap

Answer 11

MUD PILES, methanol, uraemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, paraldehyde, isoniazid/ iron overdose, lactic acid, ethylene glycol intoxication, salicyclate intoxication

Question 12

what are they causes of a normal ion gap

Answer 12

Renal tubular acidosis, addisons disease, diarrhoea, GI fistula

Question 13

what is the inheritance of haemochromatosis and wilsons disease

Answer 13

autosomal recessive

Question 14

what is the inheritance of haemophilia

Answer 14

x linked recessive

Question 15

what is the inheritance of sickle cell disease

Answer 15

autosomal recessive

Question 16

what is the inheritance of hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 16

autosomal dominant

Question 17

what is the inheritance of G6PD

Answer 17

x linked

Question 18

what is the inheritance of neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis

Answer 18

autosomal dominant

Question 19

what are the side effects of hydroxycholoroquine

Answer 19

nightmares, decreased visual acuity (maculopathy can be irreversible), increased skin pigmentation, liver toxicity

Question 20

what are the side effects of sulfasalazine

Answer 20

can stain tears orange, caution with people with G6PD, oligozoospermia, myelosuppression

Question 21

side effects of leflunamide

Answer 21

long wash out period, increased bp (hypertension) peripheral neuropathy, rashes, mouth ulcers

Question 22

side effects of methotrexate

Answer 22

pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, liver toxicity, mouth ulcers, leukopenia and bone marrow suppression

Question 23

sympotms of legionella pneumonia

Answer 23

dry cough, relative bradycardia, confusion, deranged liver function

Question 24

how do you diagnose legionella pneumonia

Answer 24

urinary antigen

Question 25

how do you treat legionella pneumonia

Answer 25

macrolide eg erythromycin

Question 26

complications of mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 26

haemolytic anaemia/ITP, erythema multiforme, encephalitis/GBS peri/myocarditis

Question 27

how do you diagnose mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 27

serology

Question 28

how do you treat mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 28

macrolide eg erythromycin

Question 29

what is the true love and witt criteria

Answer 29

sever UC is when there are greater than 6 stolls per day plus at least one of temperature >37.8 HR >90 Anaemia <105 g/l and ESR >30

Question 30

what is the taenia coli

Answer 30

they are 3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, they contract to produce the haustra (bulges in the colon)

Question 31

what is the tensor tympani supplied by

Answer 31

CN V3

Question 32

what is the stapedius supplied by

Answer 32

CN VII

Question 33

if patient with normal lungs has pneumothorax with <2cm of air what do you do

Answer 33

discharge with follow up

Question 34

if patient with normal lungs has pneumothorax and >2cm air what do you do

Answer 34

aspirate

Question 35

if the aspiration doesn’t work what do you do

Answer 35

chest drain

Question 36

in secondary pneumothorax if patient is short of breath and >2cm of air how do you treat

Answer 36

chest drain

Question 37

if secondary pneumothorax and between 1-2cm of air what do you do

Answer 37

admit for at least 24 hours, aspirate air

Question 38

if secondary pneumothorax <1cm how do you treat

Answer 38

give oxygen and admit for 24 hours

Question 39

what operation for gastric cancer > 5 cm from OG junction

Answer 39

partial gastrectomy

Question 40

which operation for gastric cancer <5 cm (proximal)

Answer 40

total gastrectomy

Question 41

gastric cancer in cardia of stomach

Answer 41

total gastrectomy

Question 42

apart from clinically what test is used to diagnose Lewy Body dementia

Answer 42

SPECT

Question 43

how does CKD affect the calcium and phosphate levels

Answer 43

decreased calcium and increased phosphate

Question 44

how can you treat increased phosphate in CKD

Answer 44

phosphate binders

Question 45

how can you treat low vitamin D in CKD

Answer 45

alfacalcidol is used because it doesn’t require activation in the kidneys