Gynae 1 Flashcards
when and how often are smear tests offered
25-49 years every 3 years
49-64 every 5 years
can you screen pregnant mothers
usually delayed until 3 months post-partum
what are the high risk types of HPV
16,18,33
what is HPV made of
double stranded DNA
is there any follow up for CIN I,II,III
women who have been treated for CIN I-III should be invited 6 months after treatment for ‘test of cure’ repeat cytology in the community
what changes in the cells happen with HPV
koilocytes which have an enlarged nucleus, irregular nuclear membrane, the nucleus stains much darker than normal (hyperchromasia) a perinuclear halo may be seen
what increases your risk of cervical cancer
smoking, early age of first intercourse, long term use of oral contraceptives, non use of barrier contraception, smoking x3 increased risk, immunosuppression
what are some of the features of the cells in CIN
immature basal cells occupying more of the epithelium
hyperchromasia, increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio, pleomorphism, excessive mitotic activity
what is the most common type of cervical cancer
squamous carcinoma (80%)
what does squamous cell carcinoma develop from
CIN so should be preventable by screening
what is the second commonest type of cervical cancer
adenocarcinoma
what does adenocarcinoma of the cervix develop from
CGIN
how does prognosis of the two main types of cervical cancer compare
adenocarcinoma has much worse prognosis than squamous carcinoma
what is lichen sclerosis
inflammatory condition that affects the genitalia and Is more common in elderly females
leads to atrophy of the epidermis with white plaques forming, very itchy
how is lichen sclerosis treated
topical steroids and emollients
