Random Flashcards
James-Lange theory
emotions result from perceiving bodily reactions or responses. In this case, you perceived your bodily reaction (heart racing) and concluded you must be very anxious
Cannon-Bard theory
Proposes that emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously. When an event is perceived (e.g., taking the exam), messages are sent at the same time to the hypothalamus, which arouses the body, and to the limbic system, which causes the subjective experience of anxiey
Schacter’s Two-Factor theory
proposes that emotion results from both internal information (hypothalamus and limbic system) and external information (the context). According to this theory you would be experiencing physiological arousal (racing heart), and would then look to the environment (the licensing exam) to help you label the emotion as anxiety, rather than, for example excitement
foreclosure stage
Marcia’s adolescent identity model. The adolescent in foreclosure commits himself or herself to a goal without exploring alternatives, thus there is commitment with an absence of crisis
identity achievement stage
Marcia’s adolescent identity model. the person has struggled and explored several options and developed goals and values. He or she has resolved the crisis, and made a commitment
moratorium stage
Marcia’s adolescent identity model. The person is actively struggling with exploring options and making a decision, but has not yet made a commitment. There is crisis and absence of commitment
identity diffusion stage
Marcia’s adolescent identity model. The adolescent lacks direction and is not seriously considering options or trying to develop goals, thus, there is an absence of both crisis and commitment
Zeigarnik effect
refers to the phenomenon that people are more likely to remember uncompleted tasks than completed tasks
The standard error of estimate is affected by ________
the standard deviation of the criterion and criterion-related validity
Referent Power
This is the result of a person’s perceived attractiveness, worthiness and right to others’ respect.
Legitimate Power
This comes from the belief that a person has the formal right to make demands, and to expect others to be compliant and obedient.
Coercive Power
This comes from the belief that a person can punish others for noncompliance.
Reward Power
This results from one person’s ability to compensate another for compliance.
Expert Power
This is based on a person’s high levels of skill and knowledge.
Order of sleep waves
- Alpha- relaxed wakefulness
- Theta- early stage 1 sleep
- Delta- slow waves that occur during deep sleep stages 3 and 4
- REM
The range of the standard error of measurement is____
is always from 0 to the standard deviation of the test (SDx)
The range of the validity coefficient is _____
-1 to 1
The range of the reliability coefficient is ______
from 0 to +1
The range of the standard error of estimate is from _____
0 to the standard deviation of the criterion (SDy)
When is an infant is likely to be most bothered by separation?
(10-16 months) which includes separation anxiety
idiopathic
When the cause of a disease is unknown
Iatrogenic
illness or complications, especially infections, that are caused in the course of receiving medical treatment (e.g., a patient contracts TB while in the hospital)
Idiosyncratic
non-technical term for unusual, eccentric, or unique responses
nocebo
something that should be ineffective but which causes symptoms of ill health; a nocebo is the opposite of a placebo. A nocebo effect is an ill effect caused by the suggestion or belief that something is harmful (e.g., expectation of unpleasant side effects leading to experiencing them despite receiving a sugar pill).
Mediated generalization is another name for ____
stimulus generalization
The standard error of the mean has a direct relationship with the ____ and an indirect relationship with _____
the SD of the population; sample size. The standard error of the mean increases when the SD of the population is increased and sample size is reduced.
Self-perception theory
focuses on people’s tendencies to look outside of the self when they don’t know the cause of their own behavior.
reciprocity hypothesis
people tend to like others who like them
matching hypothesis
proposes that people of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other
similarity hypothesis
people similar to each other (e.g., similar in age, race, or religion) tend to form intimate relationships
Barnum effect
occurs when someone finds personal meaning in a statement that could apply to anyone
Hawthorne effect
associated with a change in behavior that results from being observed
Rosenthal effect
or experimenter expectancies refers to the cues or clues transmitted by the experimenter to the subjects that results in subjects conforming to the experimenter’s expectations