Random Flashcards
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that has properties of a chemical element
Ion
A charged particle formed from the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Polyatomic ion
An ion that is composed of more than one atom
Molecule
A neutral particle composed of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Element
An element is a substance that is made entirely of one type of atom.
Diatomic Molecules
Diatomic Molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms, either the same or different chemical elements
Ionic bonds
Ionic bonds are charged atoms that are attracted to each other
Binary Acid
An acid composed of hydrogen and non-metal
Compound
Compound is a molecule made up of atoms from different elements
Pure Substance
A material that is composed of only one type of particle
Solution
In a chemical, solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance known a solvent
Heterogeneous Mixture
when two or more objects are seen by the human eye in a mixture
Physical Change
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of the chemical substance but not the chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but usually cannot be separated into chemical elements or simpler compounds
Chemical Reaction
A process in which new substances with new properties are formed
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of a pair valence electrons by two atoms. Once they share the electrons they become stable.
Oxyacid
An acid composed of hydrogen, oxygen and another element
Physical Property
A physical property is any property that is measureable whose value describes a state of a physical system
Chemical Property
A chemical property is any of a materials properties that become evident during a chemical reaction
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of reaction and is regenerated at the end of a reaction
Concentration
The amount of a particular substance in a specific amount of another substance, also the amount of dissolved substance contained per unit of volume of solvent
Rate of Reaction
The rate of reaction for a given chemical reaction is the measure of change in concentration of the reactants or the change if concentration of the product in unit of time
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The entire range of electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength and/or frequency
Wavelength
The distance from one crest (or trough) of a wave to the next crest (or trough)
Frequency
number of crests (or troughs) that pass a given point in one second
Incident Ray
A ray of light that travels from a light source toward a surface
Reflected Ray
A ray that begins at the point where the incident ray and the normal meet
Normal`
A line constructed to be perpendicular to a surface where the ray of light meets the surface
Angle of Incidence
The angle between the incident ray and the normal in a ray diagram
Angle of Reflection
The angle between the reflected ray and the normal in a ray diagram
Reflection
The change in direction of a light ray when it bounces off a surface
Critical Angle
The angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction of 90degrees
Refraction
The bending of light as it travels, at an angle, from a material with one refractive index to a material with a different refractive index
Virtual Image
An image formed by rays that appear to be coming from a certain position, but are not actually coming from that position; image doesn’t form a visible projection on a screen
Real Image
An image that is formed when reflected rays meet
Lens
A transparent object with at least one curved side that causes light to bend
Focal Point
The point on the principal axis through which reflected rays pass when the incident rays are parallel to and near the principal axis
Focal Length
The distance between the vertex of a mirror and the point; half the distance from the vertex to the centre of curvature
Principal Axis
The line that passes through the centre of curvature, C, of a mirror or lens and is normal to the axis of symmetry
Magnification
The change in size of an optically produced image
Concave Mirror
A mirror whose reflecting surface curves inward
Speed of light
3.0x 10^8
Convex Mirror
A mirror whose reflecting surface curves outward
Incandescence
Light emitted from a material because of the high temperature of material
Bioluminescence
Light that that is produced by a biochemical reaction in a living organism
Flourescence
Light that is emitted during exposure of the source to UV light
Phosphorescence
Light that is emitted due to the exposure of the source to UV light, and that continues to be emitted for some time in the absence of the UV light
Centre of Curvature
The centre of a circle that passes through a curve at a given point and has the same tangent and curvature at that point.
Index of refraction
The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium
Anaphase
The phase of mitosis in which the centromere splits apart the and the chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle fibres
Metaphase
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned across the center of the cell
Prophase
The phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids condense and the chromosomes become visible
Telophase
The phase of mitosis in which two daughter nuclei are formed
SALT- S?
Size- same size, larger, smaller
SALT- A?
Altitude- Inverted or upright
SALT-L?
Loaction- Between C&F, at C, Beyond C, Behind Image
SALT-T?
Type- Real or Virtual
