Random Flashcards
What is fractional distillation a process used to separate?
Hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons separated by in fractional distillation?
Boiling point
Is the fractional distillation column hotter on top or bottom?
Bottom
Where are the longer chain hydrocarbons condensed and sectioned off?
At the bottom
Why are the shorter chain hydrocarbons condensed and sectioned off near the top?
Smaller boiling point
What is done to the crude oil before it enters the fractional distillation column?
Heated until (mostly) evaporated
What happens to the gas particles once they enter the fractional distillation column?
They rise
Are the hydrocarbons in a fractional distillation column piped of separately or together?
Separately
What’s an alkane?
The simplest type of hydrocarbon, only one covenant bond
Are Alkanes saturated or desaturated?
Saturated
How many bonds to Alkanes have?
One
What are the bonds of an alkane?
Covalent
What’s the general formula of an alkane?
C(2) H(2n+2)
First 5 Alkanes?
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane
What are the two methods of cracking?
Steam and catalytic
What do both methods of cracking require?
Heat / high temperature
What is cracking?
Breaking down long chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful ones
As well as shorter chain alkanes, what else does cracking produce?
Alkenes
What is more reactive, Alkenes or alkanes?
Alkenes
How are Alkenes tested for?
Bromine water
What happens to the bromine water when Alkenes are present?
Turns from Orange or colourless
Why is cracking done?
Because of the high demand for fuels with shorter carbon chains
What are Alkenes used to make?
Polymers
Alkenes are a staring material to make other what?
Chemicals
What is a pure substance?
A substance containing only one element or compound
2 ways to test if a substance is chemically pure?
Boil it
Melt it
If a substance is chemically pure it will melt and boil at what?
A specific temperature
What increases the melting range and lowers the melting point?
Impurities
What increases the boiling point and boiling range?
Impurities
What are formulations?
Useful mixtures with a precise purpose
What are mixtures made with a specific use/ precise purpose?
Formulations
What is medicine an example of?
A formulation
What is fuel an example of?
A formulation
What is food an example of?
Formulation
What is cleaning products an example of?
Formulation
What is the Gas test for Hydrogen?
Using a lit splint with Hydrogen in an open test tube to produce a squeaky pop
What is the Gas test for oxygen?
Relighting a glowing splint with oxygen gas
What is the Gas test for Chlorine?
Bleaches damp litmus paper (from blue?) to white, (using chlorine gas)
What is the Gas test for Carbon Dioxide?
Makes limewater turn cloudy when shaken with, or bubbled through it
